North America Native Plant

Popolo

Botanical name: Cyanea solanacea

USDA symbol: CYSO

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: shrub

Native status: Native to Hawaii  

Synonyms: Cyanea ferox Hillebr. (CYFE8)  âš˜  Cyanea ferox Hillebr. var. laevicalyx Skottsb. (CYFEL)  âš˜  Cyanea scabra Hillebr. var. sinuata Rock (CYSCS)   

Popolo (Cyanea solanacea): A Rare Hawaiian Native Worth Protecting If you’re passionate about Hawaiian native plants and conservation gardening, you’ve likely heard whispers about popolo – a truly special shrub that represents both the beauty and fragility of Hawaii’s endemic flora. But before you start dreaming of adding this rare ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: United States

Status: S1: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘ Endangered: In danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range. ⚘

Region: United States

Popolo (Cyanea solanacea): A Rare Hawaiian Native Worth Protecting

If you’re passionate about Hawaiian native plants and conservation gardening, you’ve likely heard whispers about popolo – a truly special shrub that represents both the beauty and fragility of Hawaii’s endemic flora. But before you start dreaming of adding this rare gem to your garden, there are some important things every responsible gardener should know.

What Makes Popolo Special?

Popolo, scientifically known as Cyanea solanacea, is a perennial shrub that belongs to the bellflower family. This multi-stemmed woody plant typically grows to less than 13-16 feet tall, though it usually stays much more compact in garden settings. Like many Hawaiian natives, it has a quiet elegance that speaks to those who appreciate understated natural beauty.

You might also encounter this plant listed under its historical names, including Cyanea ferox or Cyanea scabra var. sinuata, as botanists have reclassified it over the years.

A True Hawaiian Endemic

Popolo is exclusively native to the Hawaiian Islands, making it a genuine piece of Hawaii’s natural heritage. This isn’t a plant you’ll find growing wild anywhere else on Earth – it evolved specifically in Hawaii’s unique island ecosystem.

The Conservation Reality Check

Here’s where things get serious, fellow gardeners. Popolo carries a Global Conservation Status of S1, meaning it’s critically imperiled. In plain terms, this translates to five or fewer known populations in the wild, with typically fewer than 1,000 individual plants remaining. The U.S. government has officially listed it as Endangered.

What this means for gardeners: If you’re considering adding popolo to your landscape, you absolutely must ensure any plant material comes from reputable, legally authorized sources involved in conservation efforts. Never collect from wild populations, and be prepared to contribute to conservation rather than simply consume this rare resource.

Growing Conditions and Care

Popolo naturally occurs in facultative upland areas, meaning it usually prefers non-wetland conditions but can tolerate some moisture. In Hawaii’s climate (USDA zones 10-11), it likely appreciates:

  • Partial shade to filtered sunlight
  • Well-draining soil that doesn’t stay waterlogged
  • Consistent humidity typical of Hawaiian environments
  • Protection from strong winds

Is Popolo Right for Your Garden?

This isn’t a plant for casual gardeners or those seeking immediate gratification. Popolo is best suited for:

  • Dedicated Hawaiian native plant enthusiasts
  • Conservation-minded gardeners willing to participate in species recovery
  • Specialized native plant gardens or botanical collections
  • Educational landscapes focused on Hawaiian ecology

The Bigger Picture

While we don’t have complete data on popolo’s specific wildlife benefits, most Hawaiian natives evolved alongside the islands’ unique ecosystem. By growing rare natives like popolo responsibly, gardeners become partners in conservation, helping maintain genetic diversity and potentially supporting research efforts.

Making Responsible Choices

If popolo calls to you, connect with Hawaiian native plant societies, botanical gardens, or conservation organizations. They can guide you toward legitimate sources and help you understand your role in this plant’s survival story. Remember, with great rarity comes great responsibility.

For those seeking more readily available Hawaiian natives for their landscapes, consider consulting local native plant experts who can suggest less imperiled species that still provide authentic island beauty without the conservation concerns.

Sometimes the most meaningful way to appreciate a rare plant like popolo is simply knowing it exists and supporting the organizations working to keep it from disappearing forever.

Popolo

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Campanulales

Family

Campanulaceae Juss. - Bellflower family

Genus

Cyanea Gaudich. - cyanea

Species

Cyanea solanacea Hillebr. - popolo

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA