North America Native Plant

Pilger’s Sandalwood

Botanical name: Santalum paniculatum var. pilgeri

USDA symbol: SAPAP2

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: shrub

Native status: Native to Hawaii  

Pilger’s Sandalwood: A Rare Hawaiian Treasure Worth Protecting If you’ve stumbled across Pilger’s sandalwood (Santalum paniculatum var. pilgeri) in your native plant research, you’ve discovered one of Hawaii’s botanical gems – and one that comes with some important considerations for the conscientious gardener. What Makes This Plant Special Pilger’s sandalwood ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S3T2: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Subspecies or variety is imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) ⚘ Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘

Pilger’s Sandalwood: A Rare Hawaiian Treasure Worth Protecting

If you’ve stumbled across Pilger’s sandalwood (Santalum paniculatum var. pilgeri) in your native plant research, you’ve discovered one of Hawaii’s botanical gems – and one that comes with some important considerations for the conscientious gardener.

What Makes This Plant Special

Pilger’s sandalwood is a perennial shrub that’s exclusively native to Hawaii, making it a true island endemic. As a member of the sandalwood family, this woody plant typically grows as a multi-stemmed shrub, usually staying under 13-16 feet in height, though it can occasionally grow taller or develop a single trunk depending on environmental conditions.

Where You’ll Find It (Or Won’t)

This rare variety is found only in Hawaii, representing just a small piece of the islands’ incredible botanical diversity. Its limited distribution is part of what makes it so special – and so vulnerable.

The Rarity Reality Check

Here’s where things get serious: Pilger’s sandalwood carries a Global Conservation Status of S3T2, which indicates this plant is rare and faces conservation concerns. This isn’t just a number – it’s a wake-up call that this variety needs our protection, not our garden beds.

What this means for gardeners: If you’re determined to grow this plant, you absolutely must source it responsibly. Never collect from wild populations, and only purchase from reputable native plant nurseries that can verify their propagation methods and source materials.

Should You Grow Pilger’s Sandalwood?

The honest answer? Probably not, unless you’re a serious conservation gardener with access to responsibly sourced plants. Here’s why:

  • Its rarity means wild populations need protection, not pressure from collectors
  • Very little information exists about its specific growing requirements
  • Successful cultivation may be challenging without proper expertise
  • Other native Hawaiian plants might be better choices for typical garden settings

If You’re Set on Growing It

Should you find responsibly sourced Pilger’s sandalwood, remember that specific growing information for this variety is limited. As a Hawaiian native shrub, it likely prefers:

  • Well-draining soil conditions
  • Climate conditions similar to its native Hawaiian habitat
  • Protection from extreme weather if grown outside its natural range

However, without detailed cultivation studies specific to this variety, growing it successfully may require experimentation and patience.

The Bigger Picture

Instead of focusing on this rare variety, consider supporting Hawaiian native plant conservation in other ways. Many other native Hawaiian shrubs can provide similar ecological benefits without the conservation concerns. Look for more common native alternatives that can give you that island botanical feel while supporting local ecosystems.

If you do encounter Pilger’s sandalwood in the wild during Hawaiian travels, take photos and appreciate it in its natural setting – that’s often the best way to honor these rare botanical treasures.

The Bottom Line

Pilger’s sandalwood represents the delicate balance between our desire to grow unique plants and our responsibility to protect rare species. While it’s a fascinating member of Hawaii’s native flora, it’s probably best admired from a distance unless you’re working directly with conservation efforts. Sometimes the most garden-worthy thing we can do is simply let rare plants be rare.

Pilger’s Sandalwood

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Santalales

Family

Santalaceae R. Br. - Sandalwood family

Genus

Santalum L. - sandalwood

Species

Santalum paniculatum Hook. & Arn. - mountain sandalwood

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA