North America Native Plant

Pearthorn

Botanical name: Crataegus perjucunda

USDA symbol: CRPE7

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: tree

Native status: Native to Canada âš˜ Native to the lower 48 states  

Pearthorn: A Rare and Mysterious Native Hawthorn If you’re a native plant enthusiast always on the hunt for something truly unique, you might have stumbled across Crataegus perjucunda, commonly known as pearthorn. But before you get too excited about adding this rare beauty to your garden, there are some important ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S1?Q: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Inexact rank: ⚘ Uncertain taxonomy: ⚘ Critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘

Pearthorn: A Rare and Mysterious Native Hawthorn

If you’re a native plant enthusiast always on the hunt for something truly unique, you might have stumbled across Crataegus perjucunda, commonly known as pearthorn. But before you get too excited about adding this rare beauty to your garden, there are some important things you need to know about this elusive hawthorn species.

What Makes Pearthorn Special?

Pearthorn is a perennial, woody tree that belongs to the diverse and sometimes confusing world of hawthorns. Like other members of the Crataegus family, this species typically grows as a single-stemmed tree, though environmental conditions can sometimes encourage a more shrubby, multi-stemmed growth form.

Where Does Pearthorn Call Home?

This native North American species has an extremely limited range, found only in Ontario, Canada, and New York State in the United States. Its tiny geographic footprint is just one of the things that makes pearthorn so special – and so concerning from a conservation standpoint.

The Rarity Factor: Why You Should Care

Here’s where things get serious. Pearthorn carries a Global Conservation Status of S1?Q, which translates to critically imperiled with questionable taxonomic status. This means the species is extremely rare and potentially at risk of extinction, though scientists aren’t entirely certain about its classification as a distinct species.

What does this mean for gardeners? If you’re considering growing pearthorn, you absolutely must ensure any plant material comes from responsible, ethical sources. Never collect from wild populations, and be prepared that finding legitimate nursery stock will be nearly impossible.

Growing Pearthorn: The Challenge Ahead

Unfortunately, the rarity of pearthorn means there’s limited information available about its specific growing requirements. As a member of the hawthorn family, it likely shares some characteristics with its better-known relatives:

  • Preference for well-draining soils
  • Tolerance for various soil types
  • Full sun to partial shade requirements
  • Cold hardiness typical of northeastern North American natives

However, without extensive cultivation experience, specific care instructions for pearthorn remain largely unknown.

Garden Role and Landscape Design

Given its tree form and hawthorn heritage, pearthorn would likely function as a specimen tree or naturalistic planting in appropriate settings. However, its extreme rarity makes it more of a conservation priority than a practical landscape choice.

Should You Plant Pearthorn?

The honest answer? Probably not, unless you’re involved in serious conservation efforts. The combination of uncertain taxonomy, extreme rarity, and lack of available plant material makes pearthorn more of a holy grail species than a practical garden choice.

Instead, consider these more readily available native hawthorn alternatives that can provide similar ecological and aesthetic benefits:

  • Downy Hawthorn (Crataegus mollis)
  • Black Hawthorn (Crataegus douglasii)
  • Common Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) – though non-native

The Bottom Line

Pearthorn represents one of those fascinating botanical mysteries that reminds us how much we still don’t know about our native flora. While it may not be destined for your backyard garden, appreciating its rarity and supporting conservation efforts helps ensure that future generations might have the chance to study and protect this enigmatic species.

If you do encounter pearthorn in the wild during your botanical adventures in Ontario or New York, consider it a special privilege – and remember to look but never take. Sometimes the most beautiful gardens are the wild spaces we help preserve.

Pearthorn

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Rosales

Family

Rosaceae Juss. - Rose family

Genus

Crataegus L. - hawthorn

Species

Crataegus perjucunda Sarg. - pearthorn

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA