North America Native Plant

Panal

Botanical name: Cypselea humifusa

USDA symbol: CYHU3

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Non-native, reproduces and persists in the wild in the lower 48 states âš˜ Native to Puerto Rico âš˜ Native to the U.S. Virgin Islands  

Panal (Cypselea humifusa): A Small but Mighty Ground Cover for Dry Gardens Meet panal, a petite perennial that might just be the unsung hero your dry garden needs. This low-growing forb may not win any beauty contests, but what it lacks in showiness, it makes up for in resilience and ...

Panal (Cypselea humifusa): A Small but Mighty Ground Cover for Dry Gardens

Meet panal, a petite perennial that might just be the unsung hero your dry garden needs. This low-growing forb may not win any beauty contests, but what it lacks in showiness, it makes up for in resilience and utility. Let’s dive into why this little plant might deserve a spot in your landscape – or why you might want to look elsewhere.

What Exactly Is Panal?

Panal (Cypselea humifusa) is a small, herbaceous perennial that hugs the ground like it’s giving the earth a permanent embrace. As a forb, it’s neither a grass nor does it have woody stems – think of it as the gardening world’s version of a low-maintenance friend who’s always there when you need them.

This plant is native to the Caribbean, specifically Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. However, it has made itself at home in several U.S. states, where it’s considered a non-native species that has naturalized in the wild.

Where Does Panal Call Home?

While panal’s true home is in the Caribbean, you can find established populations across a surprising range of U.S. states, including Arizona, California, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Nevada. This wide distribution hints at its adaptable nature – a plant that can thrive from the desert Southwest to the humid Southeast is clearly doing something right.

The Wet and Dry of It: Understanding Panal’s Water Preferences

Here’s where things get interesting: panal has different relationships with water depending on where it’s growing. In most regions, it’s classified as a facultative wetland plant, meaning it usually hangs out in wet areas but can handle drier conditions. However, in the Caribbean, it’s considered an obligate wetland plant – almost always found in consistently moist conditions.

This flexibility makes it a potentially useful plant for transition areas in your landscape, where moisture levels might vary.

Should You Grow Panal in Your Garden?

The Case for Growing Panal:

  • Extremely low maintenance once established
  • Tolerates a wide range of growing conditions
  • Provides ground cover in challenging spots
  • Suitable for xeriscaping and water-wise gardens
  • Adapts to both wet and dry conditions

Things to Consider:

  • Not native to most of the continental U.S.
  • Limited ornamental value – it’s more functional than beautiful
  • May not support local wildlife as effectively as native alternatives
  • Small size means you’ll need many plants for significant coverage

Growing Panal Successfully

If you decide to give panal a try, here’s what you need to know to keep it happy:

Ideal Growing Conditions:

  • Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade
  • Soil: Well-draining soil is essential; sandy or rocky soils work well
  • Water: Drought-tolerant once established, but can handle periodic moisture
  • Climate: Best suited for USDA hardiness zones 9-11

Planting and Care Tips:

  • Plant in spring after the last frost
  • Space plants according to desired coverage density
  • Water regularly during establishment, then reduce frequency
  • Avoid overwatering – soggy soil can lead to root problems
  • Minimal fertilization needed; too much can cause excessive growth

Native Alternatives to Consider

Before you commit to panal, consider these native ground covers that might better serve your local ecosystem:

  • For dry climates: Native sedums, wild strawberry, or regional native grasses
  • For wetter areas: Native rushes, native mints, or local wetland sedges
  • For general ground cover: Creeping phlox, wild ginger, or native violets (depending on your region)

The Bottom Line

Panal is like that reliable friend who’s not the life of the party but will always help you move apartments. It’s not going to wow your neighbors with spectacular blooms, but it will quietly do its job as a ground cover in challenging conditions. While it’s not native to most areas where it now grows, it doesn’t appear to be aggressively invasive either.

If you’re looking for a no-fuss ground cover for a difficult spot and don’t mind growing a non-native plant, panal might fit the bill. However, if supporting local ecosystems is a priority, you’ll probably be happier with a native alternative that provides similar benefits while feeding local pollinators and wildlife.

Whatever you choose, remember that the best plant for your garden is one that matches both your site conditions and your gardening goals. Happy planting!

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Arid West

FACW

Facultative Wetland - Plants with this status usually occurs in wetlands but may occur in non-wetlands

Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain

FACW

Facultative Wetland - Plants with this status usually occurs in wetlands but may occur in non-wetlands

Caribbean

OBL

Obligate Wetland - Plants with this status almost always occurs in wetlands

Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast

FACW

Facultative Wetland - Plants with this status usually occurs in wetlands but may occur in non-wetlands

Panal

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Caryophyllidae

Order

Caryophyllales

Family

Aizoaceae Martinov - Fig-marigold family

Genus

Cypselea Turp. - cypselea

Species

Cypselea humifusa Turp. - panal

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA