North America Native Plant

Palo Alto Thistle

Botanical name: Cirsium praeteriens

USDA symbol: CIPR2

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Palo Alto Thistle: A Cautionary Tale of Lost Native Beauty Sometimes the most important plant stories are about the ones we can no longer grow. Meet the Palo Alto thistle (Cirsium praeteriens), a native California wildflower that serves as a sobering reminder of what we’ve lost to development and habitat ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: SX: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Presumed Extinct: Believed to be extinct. Not located despite intensive searches and virtually no likelihood that it will be rediscovered ⚘

Palo Alto Thistle: A Cautionary Tale of Lost Native Beauty

Sometimes the most important plant stories are about the ones we can no longer grow. Meet the Palo Alto thistle (Cirsium praeteriens), a native California wildflower that serves as a sobering reminder of what we’ve lost to development and habitat destruction.

The Plant That Time Forgot

The Palo Alto thistle was once a proud member of California’s native flora, belonging to the sunflower family and classified as a perennial forb. Like other thistles, it was an herbaceous plant without woody stems, storing its energy in underground parts to return each growing season.

This unique thistle was found exclusively in California, with its entire known range centered around the San Francisco Bay Area, particularly near Palo Alto. Unfortunately, this extremely limited geographic distribution would prove to be its downfall.

A Conservation Status You Never Want to See

Here’s the heartbreaking truth: You cannot plant Palo Alto thistle because it no longer exists. This species carries a Global Conservation Status of SX, meaning it’s Presumed Extirpated – believed to be extinct in the wild. Despite intensive searches by botanists and conservationists, no living specimens have been found, and there’s virtually no likelihood of rediscovering this lost treasure.

The last confirmed sightings of Palo Alto thistle date back to the early 1900s. As the San Francisco Bay Area experienced rapid urbanization and agricultural development, this specialized native plant simply couldn’t adapt fast enough to survive.

What We Lost

While we can’t know exactly what growing this thistle would have been like, historical records suggest it shared characteristics with its surviving cousins:

  • Purple thistle flower heads that would have attracted native pollinators
  • Spiny leaves typical of the thistle family
  • A perennial growth habit, returning year after year
  • Important ecological relationships with native bees, butterflies, and other wildlife

Honoring the Lost Through Better Choices

Since you can’t plant Palo Alto thistle, consider honoring its memory by choosing other native California thistles that are still thriving and available:

  • Cobwebby thistle (Cirsium occidentale): A stunning native with woolly white stems and bright purple flowers
  • Indian thistle (Cirsium brevistylum): A shorter species perfect for meadow gardens
  • Brownie thistle (Cirsium quercetorum): Another Bay Area native that’s still holding on

The Lesson for Modern Gardeners

The story of Palo Alto thistle isn’t just about one lost plant – it’s a call to action. When we choose native plants for our gardens, we’re not just creating beautiful landscapes; we’re providing crucial habitat for the wildlife that depends on these plants. We’re also supporting the genetic diversity that helps plant populations survive environmental changes.

Every native plant you grow is a small act of conservation, helping prevent other species from following the path of the Palo Alto thistle into extinction.

Moving Forward

While we can’t bring back Cirsium praeteriens, we can learn from its loss. Support native plant societies, choose regionally appropriate species for your garden, and spread the word about the importance of plant conservation. Sometimes the most powerful garden stories are about the plants we can no longer grow – and our responsibility to protect the ones we still can.

Palo Alto Thistle

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Asterales

Family

Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl - Aster family

Genus

Cirsium Mill. - thistle

Species

Cirsium praeteriens J.F. Macbr. - Palo Alto thistle

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA