North America Native Plant

Pale Island Spleenwort

Botanical name: Diellia pallida

USDA symbol: DIPA25

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Hawaii  

Pale Island Spleenwort: Hawaii’s Critically Endangered Fern Treasure Meet the pale island spleenwort (Diellia pallida), one of Hawaii’s most precious and precarious native plants. This isn’t your typical garden center find – it’s a critically endangered fern that represents both the incredible biodiversity of the Hawaiian Islands and the urgent ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S1: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘

Pale Island Spleenwort: Hawaii’s Critically Endangered Fern Treasure

Meet the pale island spleenwort (Diellia pallida), one of Hawaii’s most precious and precarious native plants. This isn’t your typical garden center find – it’s a critically endangered fern that represents both the incredible biodiversity of the Hawaiian Islands and the urgent need for conservation.

What Makes This Fern Special?

The pale island spleenwort is a delicate perennial fern endemic to Hawaii, meaning it exists nowhere else on Earth. True to its name, this rare beauty displays pale green fronds that set it apart from other Hawaiian ferns. As a member of the spleenwort family, it reproduces through spores rather than flowers or seeds.

Where Does It Call Home?

This extraordinary fern is found exclusively in Hawaii, where it clings to existence in very specific forest habitats. With its extremely limited range, the pale island spleenwort represents the unique evolutionary story of Hawaiian flora.

A Conservation Crisis

Here’s where things get serious: Diellia pallida has a Global Conservation Status of S1, which means it’s critically imperiled. This classification indicates there are typically only 5 or fewer occurrences of this species, with fewer than 1,000 individual plants remaining in the wild. That makes it rarer than many animals we consider endangered!

Why You Won’t Find This in Your Garden Center

Before you start dreaming of adding this unique fern to your collection, let’s talk reality. The pale island spleenwort isn’t suitable for typical home gardens for several important reasons:

  • It requires very specific Hawaiian forest conditions that are nearly impossible to replicate elsewhere
  • Its critical conservation status means it should remain protected in its natural habitat
  • It needs specialized care that’s beyond most home gardening capabilities
  • Any collection should only be done by conservation professionals with proper permits

How You Can Help Instead

While you can’t grow the pale island spleenwort in your backyard, you can still make a difference for Hawaiian native plants:

  • Support Hawaiian native plant conservation organizations
  • If you live in Hawaii, consider planting other native Hawaiian ferns and plants that aren’t critically endangered
  • Learn about and advocate for native plant conservation
  • Visit botanical gardens that participate in conservation efforts to see rare plants responsibly

The Bigger Picture

The pale island spleenwort serves as a powerful reminder of how unique and fragile our native ecosystems can be. While this particular fern isn’t destined for our gardens, its story highlights why protecting native habitats and supporting conservation efforts matters so much.

Every native plant species, from the most common to the critically rare, plays a role in its ecosystem. By understanding and appreciating species like Diellia pallida, we become better stewards of the natural world – and that’s something every gardener can get behind.

Pale Island Spleenwort

Classification

Group

Fern

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Pteridophyta - Ferns

Subdivision
Class

Filicopsida

Subclass
Order

Polypodiales

Family

Aspleniaceae Newman - Spleenwort family

Genus

Diellia Brack. - island spleenwort

Species

Diellia pallida W.H. Wagner - pale island spleenwort

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA