North America Native Plant

Palapalai

Botanical name: Microlepia ×adulteriana

USDA symbol: MIAD

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Hawaii  

Palapalai: Hawaii’s Native Hybrid Fern Meet palapalai (Microlepia ×adulteriana), a fascinating native Hawaiian fern that represents one of nature’s own botanical experiments. The × in its scientific name tells us this is a hybrid—a natural cross between two Microlepia species that has found its home in the beautiful islands of ...

Palapalai: Hawaii’s Native Hybrid Fern

Meet palapalai (Microlepia ×adulteriana), a fascinating native Hawaiian fern that represents one of nature’s own botanical experiments. The × in its scientific name tells us this is a hybrid—a natural cross between two Microlepia species that has found its home in the beautiful islands of Hawaii.

What Makes Palapalai Special?

This perennial fern is classified as a forb, meaning it’s a vascular plant that lacks the woody tissue you’d find in trees and shrubs. Instead, it maintains its structure through other means, with its growing points (perennating buds) nestled at or below ground level—a smart survival strategy that helps it weather challenging conditions.

Where You’ll Find It

Palapalai calls Hawaii home and can be found throughout the Hawaiian islands. As a native species, it has evolved alongside Hawaii’s unique ecosystem and plays an important role in the islands’ natural plant communities.

Garden and Landscape Value

For Hawaiian gardeners, palapalai offers several benefits:

  • Supports local biodiversity as a native species
  • Adapted to local growing conditions
  • Adds authentic Hawaiian character to native plant gardens
  • Requires less water and maintenance than non-native alternatives

Growing Conditions

Palapalai has a wetland status of Facultative Upland, which means it’s quite adaptable. While it typically thrives in non-wetland areas, it can also tolerate wetter conditions when necessary. This flexibility makes it a resilient choice for Hawaiian landscapes with varying moisture levels.

Is Palapalai Right for Your Garden?

If you’re gardening in Hawaii and want to support native plant communities, palapalai could be an excellent choice. As a native species, it:

  • Supports the local ecosystem
  • Requires fewer resources than non-native plants
  • Helps preserve Hawaii’s botanical heritage
  • Provides authentic local character to your landscape

A Note on Availability

As a hybrid fern species, palapalai may not be commonly available in nurseries. If you’re interested in adding this unique native to your garden, you might need to contact specialty native plant growers or botanical gardens in Hawaii. Always ensure any plants you acquire are responsibly sourced to protect wild populations.

Whether you’re creating a native Hawaiian garden or simply want to support local biodiversity, palapalai represents the kind of unique, adapted plant that makes Hawaiian flora so special. Its hybrid nature makes it a living example of how plants continue to evolve and adapt in Hawaii’s dynamic island environment.

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Hawaii

FACU

Facultative Upland - Plants with this status usually occurs in non-wetlands but may occur in wetlands

Palapalai

Classification

Group

Fern

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Pteridophyta - Ferns

Subdivision
Class

Filicopsida

Subclass
Order

Polypodiales

Family

Dennstaedtiaceae Lotsy - Bracken Fern family

Genus

Microlepia C. Presl - palapalai

Species

Microlepia ×adulteriana W.H. Wagner [speluncae × strigosa] - palapalai

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA