North America Native Plant

Pacific Clubmoss

Botanical name: Huperzia haleakalae

USDA symbol: HUHA

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: subshrub

Native status: Native to Alaska âš˜ Native to Canada âš˜ Native to Hawaii âš˜ Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Lycopodium haleakalae Brack. (LYHA3)  âš˜  Urostachys haleakalae (Brack.) Herter (URHA)   

Pacific Clubmoss: A Living Fossil in Your Landscape Ever wondered what plants looked like millions of years ago? Meet Pacific clubmoss (Huperzia haleakalae), a fascinating little survivor that’s been virtually unchanged since the age of dinosaurs. This isn’t your typical garden plant, but it’s definitely worth getting to know – ...

Pacific Clubmoss: A Living Fossil in Your Landscape

Ever wondered what plants looked like millions of years ago? Meet Pacific clubmoss (Huperzia haleakalae), a fascinating little survivor that’s been virtually unchanged since the age of dinosaurs. This isn’t your typical garden plant, but it’s definitely worth getting to know – especially if you’re curious about the more unusual residents of North America’s wild spaces.

What Exactly Is Pacific Clubmoss?

Pacific clubmoss belongs to an ancient group of plants called lycopods, which are among the most primitive vascular plants on Earth. Despite its common name, it’s not actually a moss at all – it’s more closely related to ferns than to true mosses. Think of it as a tiny evergreen that never quite figured out how to become a tree!

This perennial herb grows as small, branching clusters with needle-like leaves that spiral around upright stems. The club part of its name comes from the distinctive spore-bearing structures that look like tiny clubs at the tips of some branches.

Where You’ll Find This Ancient Wonder

Pacific clubmoss has an impressive resume when it comes to geography. This hardy little plant calls home to an extensive range across North America, thriving in Alaska, western Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, and Yukon), several western U.S. states (Colorado, Montana, Washington, and Wyoming), and even Hawaii. Talk about adaptable!

The plant’s wetland status varies by region – it’s quite the shape-shifter when it comes to moisture preferences. In most areas, it tends to favor upland sites but can occasionally pop up in wetter areas, while in Hawaii it’s equally happy in wet or dry conditions.

Should You Try Growing Pacific Clubmoss?

Here’s where we need to have a frank conversation. While Pacific clubmoss is absolutely fascinating from a botanical perspective, it’s not exactly what you’d call garden-friendly. These ancient plants have very specific requirements that are tough to replicate in typical home landscapes:

  • Extremely particular about soil chemistry and moisture levels
  • Requires specific fungal partnerships (mycorrhizae) to thrive
  • Grows incredibly slowly – we’re talking years for noticeable changes
  • Doesn’t provide typical ornamental value like flowers or colorful foliage

If You’re Determined to Try…

For the truly adventurous gardener who wants to create a specialized native plant collection, here’s what Pacific clubmoss needs:

  • Cool, consistently moist conditions with excellent drainage
  • Acidic, organic-rich soil that mimics forest floor conditions
  • Partial to full shade – direct sun is usually too harsh
  • High humidity and protection from drying winds
  • Patience – lots and lots of patience

The plant can potentially survive in USDA hardiness zones ranging from 2 to 10, depending on your specific location and the local climate conditions it has adapted to.

The Real Value of Pacific Clubmoss

While it might not win any garden beauty contests, Pacific clubmoss serves as an important indicator species in natural ecosystems. Its presence often signals healthy, undisturbed forest conditions. For nature enthusiasts, finding this plant in the wild is like discovering a living piece of prehistoric history.

Better Alternatives for Your Garden

If you’re drawn to the unique, primitive look of Pacific clubmoss but want something more garden-appropriate, consider these native alternatives that offer similar textural interest:

  • Native sedges for grass-like texture
  • Wild gingers for low, spreading ground cover
  • Native ferns for that ancient forest feeling
  • Mosses and lichens for truly low-maintenance ground coverage

The Bottom Line

Pacific clubmoss is absolutely worth appreciating and protecting in its natural habitat, but it’s probably not the best choice for most home gardens. Unless you’re creating a specialized native plant preserve with very specific conditions, you’ll likely have better success (and more satisfaction) with other native plants that offer similar ecological benefits but adapt more readily to cultivated conditions.

Sometimes the best way to appreciate a plant is to leave it where it belongs – thriving in the wild spaces where it has successfully survived for millions of years.

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Alaska

FACU

Facultative Upland - Plants with this status usually occurs in non-wetlands but may occur in wetlands

Arid West

FACU

Facultative Upland - Plants with this status usually occurs in non-wetlands but may occur in wetlands

Hawaii

FAC

Facultative - Plants with this status can occur in wetlands and non-wetlands

Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast

FACU

Facultative Upland - Plants with this status usually occurs in non-wetlands but may occur in wetlands

Pacific Clubmoss

Classification

Group

Lycopod

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Lycopodiophyta - Lycopods

Subdivision
Class

Lycopodiopsida

Subclass
Order

Lycopodiales

Family

Lycopodiaceae P. Beauv. ex Mirb. - Club-moss family

Genus

Huperzia Bernh. - clubmoss

Species

Huperzia haleakalae (Brack.) Holub - Pacific clubmoss

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA