North America Native Plant

Oxandra

Botanical name: Oxandra

USDA symbol: OXAND

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: tree

Native status: Native to Puerto Rico âš˜ Native to the U.S. Virgin Islands  

Growing Oxandra: A Native Caribbean Tree for Tropical Gardens If you’re lucky enough to garden in a tropical paradise like Puerto Rico or the U.S. Virgin Islands, you might want to get acquainted with oxandra – a native tree that could be the perfect addition to your landscape. This lesser-known ...

Growing Oxandra: A Native Caribbean Tree for Tropical Gardens

If you’re lucky enough to garden in a tropical paradise like Puerto Rico or the U.S. Virgin Islands, you might want to get acquainted with oxandra – a native tree that could be the perfect addition to your landscape. This lesser-known gem belongs to the custard apple family and brings a touch of authentic Caribbean character to any garden.

What is Oxandra?

Oxandra is a perennial tree species that’s naturally at home in the warm, humid climate of the Caribbean. As a woody plant with a single trunk, it typically grows to impressive heights of 13-16 feet or more, though environmental conditions can sometimes encourage a shorter, multi-stemmed growth pattern. Think of it as nature’s way of adapting to whatever space it’s given!

Where Does Oxandra Come From?

This tree is a true Caribbean native, naturally occurring in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. It’s perfectly adapted to island life and the unique growing conditions these tropical locations provide.

Why Consider Oxandra for Your Garden?

There are several compelling reasons to consider adding oxandra to your tropical landscape:

  • It’s a native species, meaning it’s naturally suited to local conditions
  • As a native plant, it supports local ecosystems better than non-native alternatives
  • Its tree form provides valuable canopy coverage and vertical structure
  • It’s well-adapted to Caribbean climate conditions

What Kind of Garden Suits Oxandra?

Oxandra works best in tropical and subtropical garden settings where it can truly thrive. It’s particularly well-suited for:

  • Native plant gardens focused on Caribbean species
  • Tropical landscape designs needing canopy trees
  • Gardens in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands
  • Landscapes where you want to support local wildlife and ecosystems

Growing Conditions and Care

Since oxandra is native to tropical Caribbean islands, it naturally prefers warm, humid conditions year-round. While specific care requirements aren’t well-documented for the genus as a whole, you can assume it needs:

  • Warm temperatures consistent with USDA hardiness zones 10-11
  • Tropical or subtropical climate conditions
  • Protection from cold temperatures and frost
  • Adequate space to reach its mature size

The Bottom Line

If you’re gardening in Puerto Rico or the U.S. Virgin Islands, oxandra represents an excellent opportunity to incorporate a truly native tree species into your landscape. While detailed growing information is limited, its native status means it’s naturally adapted to succeed in local conditions. As with any native plant, choosing oxandra supports local ecosystems and helps maintain the authentic character of Caribbean landscapes.

For gardeners outside its native range, oxandra would only be suitable in the warmest tropical zones, and you might want to consider native alternatives better suited to your specific region instead.

Oxandra

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Magnoliidae

Order

Magnoliales

Family

Annonaceae Juss. - Custard-apple family

Genus

Oxandra A. Rich. - oxandra

Species

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA