North America Native Plant

Ottley’s Bird’s-foot Trefoil

Botanical name: Lotus stipularis var. ottleyi

USDA symbol: LOSTO

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Ottley’s Bird’s-Foot Trefoil: A Rare California Native Worth Knowing If you’re passionate about growing California’s lesser-known native plants, you might have stumbled across Ottley’s bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus stipularis var. ottleyi). This intriguing perennial forb is one of those plants that makes you feel like you’ve discovered a botanical secret – ...

Ottley’s Bird’s-Foot Trefoil: A Rare California Native Worth Knowing

If you’re passionate about growing California’s lesser-known native plants, you might have stumbled across Ottley’s bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus stipularis var. ottleyi). This intriguing perennial forb is one of those plants that makes you feel like you’ve discovered a botanical secret – and in many ways, you have!

What Makes This Plant Special?

Ottley’s bird’s-foot trefoil is a native California perennial that belongs to the legume family. As a forb, it’s an herbaceous plant without woody stems, keeping a low profile in the landscape while potentially offering some unique benefits to your garden ecosystem.

This plant is native to the lower 48 states, with its known distribution limited to California. Like other members of the Lotus genus, it likely possesses the superpower of nitrogen fixation – essentially acting as a natural fertilizer factory for surrounding plants.

The Challenge: Limited Information

Here’s where things get interesting (and a bit frustrating): Ottley’s bird’s-foot trefoil is one of those plants that exists more in botanical literature than in popular gardening circles. Information about its specific growing requirements, appearance, and garden performance is quite limited, which could indicate several things:

  • It may be a rare variety with limited distribution
  • It might have very specific habitat requirements
  • It could be primarily of interest to botanists rather than home gardeners

Should You Plant It?

The limited information available makes this a plant for the truly adventurous native plant enthusiast. If you’re considering adding Ottley’s bird’s-foot trefoil to your garden, here are some important considerations:

The Cautious Approach

Given the potential rarity of this variety, if you do decide to grow it, please source it responsibly from reputable native plant nurseries or botanical institutions. Never collect plants from wild populations, as this could harm already limited natural communities.

What We Can Reasonably Expect

Based on its classification as a California native legume, Ottley’s bird’s-foot trefoil likely:

  • Prefers California’s Mediterranean climate conditions
  • May be drought-tolerant once established
  • Could provide nitrogen fixation benefits to surrounding plants
  • Might attract pollinators if it produces typical legume flowers

Growing Conditions (Best Guess)

While specific cultivation information isn’t readily available, we can make educated assumptions based on its native California status and legume family characteristics:

  • Climate: Likely suited to Mediterranean climates with dry summers
  • Soil: Probably adaptable to various soil types, as many legumes are
  • Water: May be drought-tolerant once established
  • Sun exposure: Likely prefers full sun to partial shade

The Bottom Line

Ottley’s bird’s-foot trefoil represents the fascinating world of specialized native plants that exist just beyond the mainstream gardening radar. While the limited information makes it challenging to recommend for typical home gardens, it could be perfect for:

  • Botanical collectors interested in rare California natives
  • Restoration projects in appropriate habitats
  • Research gardens or educational landscapes

If you’re drawn to this mysterious native, consider it a gardening adventure. Just remember to source responsibly and perhaps connect with local native plant societies or botanical gardens who might have more specific knowledge about this intriguing variety.

Sometimes the most rewarding plants are the ones that make us work a little harder to understand them – and Ottley’s bird’s-foot trefoil certainly fits that description!

Ottley’s Bird’s-foot Trefoil

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Fabales

Family

Fabaceae Lindl. - Pea family

Genus

Lotus L. - trefoil

Species

Lotus stipularis (Benth.) Greene - balsam bird's-foot trefoil

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA