North America Native Plant

Orthothecium Moss

Botanical name: Orthothecium chryseum var. chryseum

USDA symbol: ORCHC

Habit: nonvascular

Native status: Native to North America  

Synonyms: Holmgrenia chrysea (Schwägr.) Lindb. (HOCH2)  ⚘  Orthothecium chryseum (Schwägr.) Schimp. var. lapponicum (Schimp.) Lindb. (ORCHL)  ⚘  Orthothecium lapponicum (Schimp.) Hartm. (ORLA5)   

Orthothecium Moss: A Golden Bryophyte for Your Shade Garden Meet orthothecium moss (Orthothecium chryseum var. chryseum), a charming little bryophyte that might just be the golden touch your shade garden has been missing. While most gardeners are familiar with flowering plants and shrubs, this native North American moss offers something ...

Orthothecium Moss: A Golden Bryophyte for Your Shade Garden

Meet orthothecium moss (Orthothecium chryseum var. chryseum), a charming little bryophyte that might just be the golden touch your shade garden has been missing. While most gardeners are familiar with flowering plants and shrubs, this native North American moss offers something completely different – a low-maintenance, year-round green carpet that thrives where other plants struggle.

What Exactly Is Orthothecium Moss?

Orthothecium moss belongs to the fascinating world of bryophytes – those ancient, non-flowering plants that have been quietly carpeting our planet for millions of years. Unlike your typical garden plants, this moss doesn’t have roots, stems, or leaves in the traditional sense. Instead, it forms small, cushion-like colonies that attach themselves to rocks, fallen logs, or other solid surfaces.

This particular variety is known for its golden-green coloration, which can add a subtle shimmer to shaded areas of your landscape. It’s a terrestrial moss, meaning it grows on land rather than in water, and it has a preference for cool, moist conditions.

Where Does It Come From?

Orthothecium moss is native to North America, with a distribution that extends across the northern regions of the continent. You’ll typically find it in boreal and arctic areas, where it has adapted to harsh conditions and short growing seasons. This hardy little moss has also been documented under several scientific synonyms, including Holmgrenia chrysea and Orthothecium lapponicum.

Is It Beneficial for Your Garden?

Absolutely! While orthothecium moss might not attract butterflies or produce showy flowers, it offers several unique benefits:

  • Natural ground cover: Creates a living carpet in areas where grass won’t grow
  • Erosion control: Helps stabilize soil on slopes and rocky areas
  • Low maintenance: Requires no mowing, fertilizing, or regular watering once established
  • Year-round interest: Stays green through most seasons
  • Habitat creation: Provides microhabitat for tiny insects and other small creatures

How to Identify Orthothecium Moss

Spotting orthothecium moss in the wild (or determining if it’s already growing in your yard) is easier than you might think:

  • Color: Look for golden-green to yellowish-green patches
  • Growth pattern: Forms small cushions or mats, typically 1-3 inches across
  • Texture: Soft and somewhat feathery appearance
  • Location: Usually found attached to rocks, fallen logs, or tree bases
  • Habitat: Prefers shaded, cool, and moist environments

Growing Conditions and Care

If you’re lucky enough to have orthothecium moss naturally occurring in your landscape, here’s how to keep it happy:

  • Light: Shade to partial shade – direct sunlight can stress or kill moss
  • Moisture: Consistent moisture is key, but avoid waterlogged conditions
  • Temperature: Thrives in cooler climates (likely USDA zones 2-6)
  • Substrate: Prefers rocky surfaces, fallen logs, or well-draining organic matter
  • pH: Generally adaptable but often prefers slightly acidic conditions

Garden Design Ideas

Orthothecium moss works wonderfully in:

  • Rock gardens: Natural-looking coverage between stones
  • Woodland gardens: Mimics forest floor conditions
  • Shade gardens: Fills in where other plants won’t grow
  • Japanese-style gardens: Adds authentic, serene ground coverage
  • Natural landscapes: Perfect for low-maintenance, eco-friendly designs

A Word About Cultivation

Unlike traditional garden plants, mosses like orthothecium can be tricky to establish from scratch. They’re best appreciated and encouraged when they appear naturally. If you’re interested in moss gardening, focus on creating the right conditions – shade, moisture, and appropriate surfaces – and let nature do the rest.

Remember, this native moss is perfectly at home in North American gardens and poses no invasive threat. It’s simply a quiet, unassuming plant that’s been part of our continent’s ecosystem for countless generations. Whether you’re a seasoned gardener looking to try something new or a nature lover wanting to support native species, orthothecium moss deserves a spot on your radar.

Orthothecium Moss

Classification

Group

Moss

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom
Superdivision
Division

Bryophyta - Mosses

Subdivision

Musci

Class

Bryopsida - True mosses

Subclass

Bryidae

Order

Hypnales

Family

Hypnaceae Schimp.

Genus

Orthothecium Schimp. - orthothecium moss

Species

Orthothecium chryseum (Schwägr.) Schimp. - orthothecium moss

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA