North America Native Plant

Octopus Fern

Botanical name: Zygophlebia sectifrons

USDA symbol: ZYSE

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Puerto Rico  

Synonyms: Grammitis sectifrons (Kunze ex Mett.) Seymour (GRSE)  âš˜  Polypodium sectifrons Kunze ex Mett. (POSE12)   

The Mysterious Octopus Fern: A Rare Puerto Rican Native Meet the octopus fern (Zygophlebia sectifrons), one of nature’s more elusive green treasures! This intriguing fern gets its whimsical common name from its distinctive frond patterns, though you’d be lucky to spot one in the wild – or even in cultivation ...

The Mysterious Octopus Fern: A Rare Puerto Rican Native

Meet the octopus fern (Zygophlebia sectifrons), one of nature’s more elusive green treasures! This intriguing fern gets its whimsical common name from its distinctive frond patterns, though you’d be lucky to spot one in the wild – or even in cultivation for that matter.

What Exactly Is the Octopus Fern?

The octopus fern is a perennial fern species that calls Puerto Rico home. You might also see it listed under its scientific synonyms Grammitis sectifrons or Polypodium sectifrons in older botanical references. This little-known species belongs to the diverse world of tropical ferns, though it remains something of a botanical mystery even to plant enthusiasts.

Where Does It Come From?

This fern is exclusively native to Puerto Rico, making it a true island endemic. Its natural habitat is limited to this Caribbean paradise, where it presumably thrives in the island’s tropical conditions.

Should You Try Growing an Octopus Fern?

Here’s where things get a bit tricky – and honestly, quite fascinating from a plant detective perspective! The octopus fern is so rare in cultivation that there’s virtually no information available about how to grow it successfully. This could mean several things:

  • It may be extremely rare or endangered in its native habitat
  • It might have very specific growing requirements that make cultivation challenging
  • It could simply be overlooked by the horticultural trade
  • Seeds or plants may be difficult to source responsibly

The Responsible Approach

Given the limited information and potential rarity of this species, the most responsible approach is caution. If you’re interested in this fern:

  • Avoid collecting from wild populations
  • Only purchase from reputable sources that can verify responsible propagation
  • Consider supporting conservation efforts in Puerto Rico instead
  • Explore well-documented native fern alternatives for your region

Alternative Native Ferns to Consider

While the octopus fern remains elusive, there are many other beautiful native ferns that make excellent garden additions depending on your location. Research ferns native to your specific region – they’ll be much easier to grow successfully and will provide known benefits to local wildlife.

The Bottom Line

The octopus fern represents one of those tantalizing botanical mysteries that reminds us how much we still don’t know about our plant world. While it’s natural to be curious about rare species like this one, sometimes the most responsible thing we can do is admire them from afar and focus our gardening efforts on well-documented native plants that we know we can grow successfully.

If you’re drawn to unique ferns, consider exploring the many other fascinating native fern species that are better understood and more readily available – your garden (and local ecosystem) will thank you for it!

Octopus Fern

Classification

Group

Fern

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Pteridophyta - Ferns

Subdivision
Class

Filicopsida

Subclass
Order

Polypodiales

Family

Grammitidaceae Newman - Kihi Fern family

Genus

Zygophlebia Bishop - octopus fern

Species

Zygophlebia sectifrons (Kunze ex Mett.) Bishop - octopus fern

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA