North America Native Plant

Nuttall’s Toothwort

Botanical name: Cardamine nuttallii var. covilleana

USDA symbol: CANUC

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Cardamine tenella (Pursh) O.E. Schultz var. covilleana O.E. Schultz (CATEC)  âš˜  Dentaria tenella Pursh var. palmata Detling (DETEP)   

Nuttall’s Toothwort: A Pacific Northwest Native Worth Knowing If you’re passionate about native plants and love discovering lesser-known gems for your garden, let me introduce you to Nuttall’s toothwort (Cardamine nuttallii var. covilleana). This charming perennial forb might not be the showiest plant in your garden, but it’s got that ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S5T3?: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Inexact rank: ⚘ Subspecies or variety is vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. ⚘ Secure: At very low or no risk of extinction in the jurisdiction due to a very extensive range, abundant populations or occurrences, with little to no concern from declines or threats. ⚘

Nuttall’s Toothwort: A Pacific Northwest Native Worth Knowing

If you’re passionate about native plants and love discovering lesser-known gems for your garden, let me introduce you to Nuttall’s toothwort (Cardamine nuttallii var. covilleana). This charming perennial forb might not be the showiest plant in your garden, but it’s got that quiet appeal that makes native plant enthusiasts do a little happy dance.

Meet This Pacific Coast Native

Nuttall’s toothwort is a true West Coast local, calling California and Oregon home. As a member of the mustard family (Brassicaceae), it shares lineage with some pretty famous relatives, though it’s definitely the more understated cousin at the family reunion. This perennial forb – basically a non-woody flowering plant – has been quietly doing its thing in Pacific forests and woodlands long before any of us thought about native gardening.

You might also see this plant listed under some tongue-twisting scientific synonyms like Cardamine tenella var. covilleana or Dentaria tenella var. palmata, but let’s stick with the friendlier common name, shall we?

Why Consider Growing Nuttall’s Toothwort?

Here’s where things get a bit tricky – and honestly, pretty exciting if you’re into botanical mysteries. This particular variety of Nuttall’s toothwort has a conservation status that’s, well, a bit undefined (listed as S5T3?). What this means in plain English is that botanists aren’t entirely sure how common or rare this plant really is. It’s like finding a vintage treasure at a thrift store – you know it’s special, but you’re not quite sure just how special.

This uncertainty actually makes a compelling case for growing it, but with a big caveat: if you decide to add this native beauty to your garden, make absolutely sure you source it responsibly. We’re talking reputable native plant nurseries that propagate their stock rather than wild-collecting. Think of it as plant conservation through cultivation.

What to Expect in Your Garden

As a perennial forb, Nuttall’s toothwort won’t give you woody stems or dramatic height, but it will come back year after year once established. Like many native woodland plants, it probably prefers conditions that mimic its natural habitat – think dappled shade, decent moisture, and that rich, woodsy soil that makes ferns happy.

Since specific cultivation information for this variety is limited (there’s that botanical mystery again!), your best bet is to observe how it grows in the wild if you’re lucky enough to spot it, or to connect with local native plant societies and botanical gardens in California or Oregon who might have experience with this particular variety.

The Bigger Picture

Growing Nuttall’s toothwort isn’t just about adding another plant to your collection – it’s about participating in the preservation of regional flora. When you choose natives like this over non-native alternatives, you’re supporting local ecosystems, even in small ways. Native plants have co-evolved with local wildlife, and while we don’t have specific data on what critters love this particular variety, it’s safe to assume it fits into the local food web better than that ornamental mustard from halfway around the world.

A Word of Caution and Encouragement

Here’s the thing about growing rare or uncommon natives: it comes with responsibility. If you’re determined to grow Nuttall’s toothwort, please, please, please source it ethically. Contact native plant societies, botanical gardens, or conservation organizations in California and Oregon. They might have seeds or plants available, or at least point you toward someone who does.

And hey, if you do manage to grow this elusive beauty successfully, consider sharing your experience with the native plant community. Your observations could contribute to our understanding of how to cultivate and conserve this potentially rare variety.

The Bottom Line

Nuttall’s toothwort variety covilleana might not be the easiest native to find or grow, but that’s exactly what makes it intriguing. It’s a plant for the gardener who loves a good botanical challenge and believes in supporting native biodiversity. Just remember: with great native plants comes great responsibility. Source ethically, grow thoughtfully, and maybe you’ll be helping ensure that future gardeners get to enjoy this Pacific Northwest treasure too.

Nuttall’s Toothwort

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Dilleniidae

Order

Capparales

Family

Brassicaceae Burnett - Mustard family

Genus

Cardamine L. - bittercress

Species

Cardamine nuttallii Greene - Nuttall's toothwort

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA