North America Native Plant

Northern Twayblade

Botanical name: Listera borealis

USDA symbol: LIBO4

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Alaska âš˜ Native to Canada âš˜ Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Neottia borealis (Morong) Szlach. (NEBO2)   

Northern Twayblade: A Tiny Treasure of the Northern Wilderness If you’ve ever wandered through the cool, damp forests of Alaska or the Canadian wilderness, you might have walked right past one of North America’s most understated native orchids without even noticing it. Meet the northern twayblade (Listera borealis), a petite ...

Northern Twayblade: A Tiny Treasure of the Northern Wilderness

If you’ve ever wandered through the cool, damp forests of Alaska or the Canadian wilderness, you might have walked right past one of North America’s most understated native orchids without even noticing it. Meet the northern twayblade (Listera borealis), a petite perennial that proves that sometimes the most interesting plants are the ones that prefer to fly under the radar.

What Exactly Is Northern Twayblade?

Northern twayblade is a small native orchid that belongs to the forb family – essentially a non-woody plant that dies back to ground level each winter and returns the following spring. Don’t let the orchid label fool you into expecting something showy and tropical. This little guy is all about subtle charm, sporting tiny greenish flowers that would make a wallflower look flashy.

You might also encounter this plant listed under its scientific synonym, Neottia borealis, depending on which botanical reference you’re consulting. The plant world loves to keep us on our toes with name changes!

Where Does Northern Twayblade Call Home?

This hardy little orchid is truly a child of the north, native to Alaska, Canada, and several northern U.S. states. You’ll find it scattered across an impressive range that includes:

  • Canadian provinces: Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, plus the territories of Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut
  • U.S. states: Alaska, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming
  • Atlantic Canada: Labrador and Newfoundland

The Wet and Dry of It: Habitat Preferences

Here’s where northern twayblade gets interesting from an ecological perspective. This adaptable little plant shows different moisture preferences depending on where it’s growing. In Alaska, it typically favors drier upland areas, while in the western mountains and arid regions, it gravitates toward wetter spots. Think of it as nature’s way of finding the sweet spot in each climate zone.

Should You Plant Northern Twayblade in Your Garden?

Here’s where we need to have an honest conversation. While northern twayblade is absolutely fascinating and completely native to much of northern North America, it’s not exactly what you’d call garden-friendly. This plant has evolved to thrive in very specific conditions that are nearly impossible to replicate in a typical home landscape.

The Reality Check: Why This Orchid Is Best Admired in the Wild

Northern twayblade requires a complex relationship with specific soil fungi (mycorrhizae) to survive and thrive. These partnerships took thousands of years to develop and are incredibly difficult to establish artificially. The plant also needs very specific moisture, light, and soil conditions that vary by region – requirements that are tough to nail down in a garden setting.

If you’re determined to try growing native orchids, you’ll have much better luck with more adaptable species like pink lady’s slipper or showy orchis, depending on your region.

Growing Conditions (For the Brave or Research-Minded)

Should you decide to attempt cultivation for research purposes or have access to specialized facilities, northern twayblade typically requires:

  • Cool temperatures (hardy in USDA zones 1-7)
  • Consistently moist but well-draining soil
  • Partial to full shade
  • Organic-rich soil with the right fungal partners
  • Minimal disturbance once established

The Bottom Line

Northern twayblade is one of those plants that’s best appreciated in its natural habitat. If you’re hiking in the northern forests and happen to spot this diminutive orchid, consider yourself lucky – you’ve encountered a specialized survivor that’s perfectly adapted to some of North America’s most challenging environments.

For your garden, stick with more cooperative native plants that can actually thrive in cultivation. Your local native plant society can point you toward orchids and other native species that will reward your gardening efforts with success rather than frustration.

Sometimes the most valuable lesson a plant can teach us is knowing when to admire from a distance and let wild things stay wild.

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Alaska

FACU

Facultative Upland - Plants with this status usually occurs in non-wetlands but may occur in wetlands

Arid West

FACW

Facultative Wetland - Plants with this status usually occurs in wetlands but may occur in non-wetlands

Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast

FACW

Facultative Wetland - Plants with this status usually occurs in wetlands but may occur in non-wetlands

Northern Twayblade

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Liliidae

Order

Orchidales

Family

Orchidaceae Juss. - Orchid family

Genus

Listera R. Br. - twayblade

Species

Listera borealis Morong - northern twayblade

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA