North America Native Plant

Northern Red Oak

Botanical name: Quercus rubra var. ambigua

USDA symbol: QURUA

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: tree

Native status: Native to Canada âš˜ Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Quercus borealis Michx. f. (QUBO)  âš˜  Quercus rubra L. var. borealis (Michx. f.) Farw. (QURUB)   

Northern Red Oak: A Majestic Native Tree for Your Landscape If you’re looking for a tree that combines natural beauty with ecological benefits, the northern red oak (Quercus rubra var. ambigua) might just be your perfect match. This stately native tree has been gracing North American landscapes for centuries, and ...

Northern Red Oak: A Majestic Native Tree for Your Landscape

If you’re looking for a tree that combines natural beauty with ecological benefits, the northern red oak (Quercus rubra var. ambigua) might just be your perfect match. This stately native tree has been gracing North American landscapes for centuries, and it’s ready to bring that same timeless appeal to your property.

What Makes This Oak Special?

The northern red oak is a true American classic – a perennial, woody giant that typically grows well over 13-16 feet tall with a strong, single trunk. This isn’t your average backyard shrub; we’re talking about a tree that can become a genuine landscape centerpiece and a legacy for future generations.

You might also see this tree referenced by its synonyms Quercus borealis or Quercus rubra var. borealis in older gardening resources, but they’re all referring to the same magnificent oak.

Where Does It Call Home?

This oak is as American as apple pie, native to both Canada and the lower 48 states. Its natural range is impressively wide, spanning across:

  • Canadian provinces: New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec
  • U.S. states from the Northeast: Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont
  • Southeastern states: North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia
  • Midwestern and central regions: Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, Oklahoma, Wisconsin

Why You Might Want This Tree (Or Why You Might Not)

The Good News: As a native species, this northern red oak is naturally adapted to work with your local ecosystem. Native trees typically require less maintenance once established, are better for local wildlife, and tend to be more resistant to regional pests and diseases.

Consider This: Large oak trees are a long-term commitment. They need plenty of space to reach their full potential, and like all oaks, they’re not exactly speed demons when it comes to growth. If you’re looking for quick shade or have a small yard, you might want to consider other options.

Growing Your Northern Red Oak

While specific growing condition details aren’t available for this particular variety, oaks in general are known for being relatively adaptable once established. Here are some general guidelines for success:

  • Give it room to grow – these trees need space for both their canopy and root system
  • Plant in a location where it can be a permanent fixture
  • Be patient – oaks reward long-term thinking rather than instant gratification

Landscape Design Ideas

A northern red oak works beautifully as:

  • A specimen tree in large yards
  • Part of a native tree grove
  • A shade tree for future generations
  • A cornerstone in wildlife-friendly landscaping

The Bottom Line

The northern red oak represents everything we love about native trees – natural beauty, ecological benefits, and a connection to the landscape’s natural heritage. While it requires patience and space, it offers the kind of lasting impact that makes it worth the investment.

Just remember: this is a tree you plant for the future. Your children (and their children) will thank you for the shade, and local wildlife will appreciate the native habitat you’ve created.

Northern Red Oak

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Hamamelididae

Order

Fagales

Family

Fagaceae Dumort. - Beech family

Genus

Quercus L. - oak

Species

Quercus rubra L. - northern red oak

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA