North America Native Plant

Needle Spikerush

Botanical name: Eleocharis acicularis var. acicularis

USDA symbol: ELACA

Life cycle: annual

Habit: grass

Native status: Native to Alaska âš˜ Native to Canada âš˜ Native to Greenland âš˜ Native to the lower 48 states âš˜ Native to St. Pierre and Miquelon  

Synonyms: Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult. var. gracilescens Svens. (ELACG)  âš˜  Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult. var. occidentalis Svens. (ELACO)  âš˜  Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult. var. submersa (Hj. Nilss.) Svens. (ELACS)  âš˜  Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult. var. typica Svens. (ELACT)   

Needle Spikerush: The Unsung Hero of Wetland Gardens If you’ve ever wondered what that delicate, grass-like plant growing along pond edges and in marshy areas is, chances are you’ve spotted needle spikerush (Eleocharis acicularis var. acicularis). This humble little native might not win any flashy flower contests, but it’s absolutely ...

Needle Spikerush: The Unsung Hero of Wetland Gardens

If you’ve ever wondered what that delicate, grass-like plant growing along pond edges and in marshy areas is, chances are you’ve spotted needle spikerush (Eleocharis acicularis var. acicularis). This humble little native might not win any flashy flower contests, but it’s absolutely invaluable for anyone looking to create authentic wetland landscapes or tackle challenging wet spots in their garden.

What Makes Needle Spikerush Special?

Needle spikerush is a true North American native that feels right at home from Alaska to Florida and everywhere in between. This remarkable little plant has made itself comfortable across virtually every state and Canadian province, proving just how adaptable and resilient it can be. It’s both an annual and perennial (depending on growing conditions), giving it flexibility that many gardeners appreciate.

As a member of the sedge family, needle spikerush produces those characteristic needle-thin leaves that form dense, carpet-like mats. The plant gets its common name from these fine, pointed leaves that really do resemble tiny green needles poking up from the ground.

Why Your Garden Might Love Needle Spikerush

Here’s where needle spikerush really shines – it’s a problem-solver plant. Got a soggy spot in your yard where nothing else seems happy? This little champion thrives in conditions that would make most plants throw in the towel:

  • Constantly wet or even submerged soils
  • Poor drainage areas
  • Pond margins and water garden edges
  • Rain garden installations
  • Naturalized wetland restorations

The plant creates a lovely, fine-textured groundcover that adds a soft, natural look to water features. While it won’t give you showy blooms, its subtle beauty lies in the way it creates seamless transitions between water and land, mimicking what you’d find in wild wetland environments.

Growing Needle Spikerush Successfully

The good news? Needle spikerush is incredibly hardy, thriving in USDA zones 2 through 9. Once you understand its preferences, it’s surprisingly low-maintenance.

Ideal Growing Conditions

  • Water: Loves shallow standing water or constantly saturated soil
  • Light: Full sun to partial shade (more sun typically means denser growth)
  • Soil: Adaptable to various soil types as long as they stay consistently moist
  • pH: Tolerates a wide range of soil pH levels

Planting and Care Tips

Getting needle spikerush established is refreshingly straightforward. Plant divisions or plugs directly into your wet area during spring or early summer. Space them about 6-12 inches apart if you want quicker coverage, though this spreading plant will eventually fill in gaps on its own.

Once established, needle spikerush requires minimal care. It spreads naturally through underground rhizomes, so don’t be surprised if it gradually expands its territory. In fact, this spreading habit is often exactly what wetland gardeners want – natural, self-sustaining coverage that helps prevent erosion and filters water naturally.

A Word of Caution

While needle spikerush isn’t considered invasive, it can be quite enthusiastic about spreading in ideal conditions. If you’re planting it near more formal garden areas, consider using physical barriers or edging to keep it contained. Think of it as a plant that knows what it likes and isn’t shy about claiming more space!

Wildlife and Ecosystem Benefits

Though needle spikerush might seem modest, it plays an important role in supporting wetland ecosystems. The dense mats provide shelter for small aquatic creatures, while the seeds offer food for various waterfowl and marsh birds. It’s also excellent for natural water filtration and erosion control along waterways.

Is Needle Spikerush Right for Your Garden?

Consider needle spikerush if you:

  • Have consistently wet or boggy areas to plant
  • Want to create naturalistic water gardens or rain gardens
  • Are working on wetland restoration projects
  • Appreciate subtle, fine-textured groundcovers
  • Want low-maintenance plants that support local ecosystems

Skip it if you:

  • Need plants for dry or well-drained locations
  • Want showy flowers or bold foliage
  • Prefer plants that stay strictly within boundaries
  • Are looking for tall, structural plants

Needle spikerush might not be the star of your garden show, but it’s definitely the reliable supporting actor that makes everything else look better. For wetland gardens and challenging wet spots, this native gem offers both beauty and function in one unassuming package.

Needle Spikerush

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Commelinidae

Order

Cyperales

Family

Cyperaceae Juss. - Sedge family

Genus

Eleocharis R. Br. - spikerush

Species

Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult. - needle spikerush

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA