North America Native Plant

Narrowleaf Evening Primrose

Botanical name: Oenothera fruticosa fruticosa

USDA symbol: OEFRF

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Kneiffia allenii (Britton) Small (KNAL)  âš˜  Kneiffia arenicola Small (KNAR2)  âš˜  Kneiffia brevistipata (Pennell) Munz (KNBR)  âš˜  Kneiffia fruticosa (L.) Raimann (KNFR)  âš˜  Kneiffia linearis (Michx.) Spach (KNLI)  âš˜  Kneiffia longipedicellata Small (KNLO)  âš˜  Kneiffia riparia (Nutt.) Small (KNRI)  âš˜  Kneiffia semiglandulosa Pennell (KNSE)  âš˜  Kneiffia subglobosa Small (KNSU)  âš˜  Oenothera arenicola (Small) Coker (OEAR3)  âš˜  Oenothera fruticosa L. var. eamesii (B.L. Rob.) S.F. Blake (OEFRE)  âš˜  Oenothera fruticosa L. var. goodmanii Munz (OEFRG2)  âš˜  Oenothera fruticosa L. var. humifusa Allen (OEFRH)  âš˜  Oenothera fruticosa L. var. linearis (Michx.) S. Watson (OEFRL)  âš˜  Oenothera fruticosa L. var. microcarpa Fernald (OEFRM)  âš˜  Oenothera fruticosa L. var. subglobosa (Small) Munz (OEFRS)  âš˜  Oenothera fruticosa L. var. unguiculata Fernald (OEFRU)  âš˜  Oenothera fruticosa L. var. vera Hook. (OEFRV)  âš˜  Oenothera longipedicellata (Small) B.L. Rob. (OELO2)  âš˜  Oenothera tetragona Roth var. brevistipata (Pennell) Munz (OETEB)  âš˜  Oenothera tetragona Roth var. longistipata (Pennell) Munz (OETEL)  âš˜  Oenothera tetragona Roth var. riparia (Nutt.) Munz (OETER)  âš˜  Oenothera tetragona Roth var. sharpii Munz (OETES)  âš˜  Oenothera tetragona Roth var. velutina (Pennell) Munz (OETEV)   

Narrowleaf Evening Primrose: A Cheerful Native Wildflower for Your Garden If you’re looking to add a splash of sunshine to your garden while supporting native wildlife, narrowleaf evening primrose (Oenothera fruticosa fruticosa) might just be the perfect choice. This delightful native perennial brings both beauty and ecological benefits to landscapes ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S5T2T3: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Subspecies or variety is imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) ⚘ Subspecies or variety is vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. ⚘ Secure: At very low or no risk of extinction in the jurisdiction due to a very extensive range, abundant populations or occurrences, with little to no concern from declines or threats. ⚘

Narrowleaf Evening Primrose: A Cheerful Native Wildflower for Your Garden

If you’re looking to add a splash of sunshine to your garden while supporting native wildlife, narrowleaf evening primrose (Oenothera fruticosa fruticosa) might just be the perfect choice. This delightful native perennial brings both beauty and ecological benefits to landscapes across much of the eastern United States.

What Makes Narrowleaf Evening Primrose Special?

Don’t let the name fool you – while many evening primroses open their blooms at dusk, narrowleaf evening primrose actually shows off its bright yellow, four-petaled flowers during the day. These cheerful blooms typically appear from late spring through early summer, creating vibrant displays that can brighten any garden space.

As a native forb (that’s garden-speak for a non-woody flowering plant), this perennial has been gracing American landscapes long before European settlers arrived. It’s perfectly adapted to thrive in its native range without the fuss that many non-native plants require.

Where Does It Call Home?

Narrowleaf evening primrose is truly an eastern United States native, naturally occurring across a impressive range of states including Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia, plus the District of Columbia.

Why Your Garden (and Local Wildlife) Will Love It

This plant is a real team player in the garden ecosystem. Its bright yellow blooms attract a variety of pollinators, including bees, butterflies, and moths. While it may be called an evening primrose, those daytime blooms make it accessible to day-active pollinators too, giving you the best of both worlds.

From a design perspective, narrowleaf evening primrose works beautifully in:

  • Naturalized wildflower gardens
  • Prairie restoration projects
  • Cottage-style gardens
  • Pollinator gardens
  • Border plantings
  • Ground cover applications

Growing Conditions: Pretty Easygoing

One of the best things about native plants is how well they adapt to local conditions, and narrowleaf evening primrose is no exception. Here’s what it prefers:

  • Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade (though it blooms best with plenty of sunshine)
  • Soil: Well-drained soils of various types
  • Water: Drought tolerant once established, making it perfect for low-maintenance landscapes
  • Climate: Hardy in USDA zones 4-8

Planting and Care Tips

The beauty of narrowleaf evening primrose lies in its low-maintenance nature. Here’s how to set it up for success:

  • Planting: Spring or fall are ideal planting times
  • Spacing: Give plants room to spread, as they naturally form colonies through underground rhizomes
  • Maintenance: Cut back spent flower stems after blooming to encourage tidier growth
  • Spreading: This plant will naturalize and spread, which is great for filling in areas but something to keep in mind for smaller gardens

A Word About Responsible Sourcing

While narrowleaf evening primrose isn’t extremely rare, its conservation status suggests being mindful about sourcing. Always purchase from reputable native plant nurseries that grow their plants from ethically collected seed rather than wild-harvesting. This helps protect wild populations while still allowing you to enjoy this lovely native in your garden.

The Bottom Line

Narrowleaf evening primrose offers gardeners a wonderful combination of easy care, native heritage, and ecological benefits. Its cheerful yellow blooms and ability to attract pollinators make it a valuable addition to any landscape focused on supporting local wildlife. Plus, once established, it’s remarkably low-maintenance – always a win in our book!

Whether you’re creating a dedicated native plant garden or just looking to add some native flair to your existing landscape, narrowleaf evening primrose deserves a spot on your plants to try list. Your local pollinators will thank you, and you’ll get to enjoy those sunny blooms year after year.

Narrowleaf Evening Primrose

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Myrtales

Family

Onagraceae Juss. - Evening Primrose family

Genus

Oenothera L. - evening primrose

Species

Oenothera fruticosa L. - narrowleaf evening primrose

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA