North America Native Plant

Muttongrass

Botanical name: Poa fendleriana fendleriana

USDA symbol: POFEF

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: grass

Native status: Native to Canada âš˜ Native to the lower 48 states  

Muttongrass: A Hardy Native Grass for Water-Wise Gardens If you’re looking for a low-maintenance native grass that can handle tough conditions while adding natural texture to your landscape, muttongrass (Poa fendleriana fendleriana) might just be your new best friend. This unassuming perennial bunch grass has been quietly thriving across western ...

Muttongrass: A Hardy Native Grass for Water-Wise Gardens

If you’re looking for a low-maintenance native grass that can handle tough conditions while adding natural texture to your landscape, muttongrass (Poa fendleriana fendleriana) might just be your new best friend. This unassuming perennial bunch grass has been quietly thriving across western North America for centuries, and it’s ready to bring that same resilience to your garden.

What Makes Muttongrass Special?

Muttongrass is a true native champion, naturally occurring across an impressive range from the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, and Manitoba, all the way down through the western United States. You’ll find this adaptable grass growing wild in Arizona, California, Colorado, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, and Wyoming.

As a perennial bunch grass, muttongrass forms neat, erect clumps that typically reach about 2.6 feet tall at maturity. Its fine-textured green foliage creates a soft, natural appearance that works beautifully in prairie-style plantings and naturalized areas.

Why Choose Muttongrass for Your Garden?

This grass is practically the definition of low-maintenance gardening. Here’s what makes it such a winner:

  • Drought champion: Once established, muttongrass thrives with minimal water, making it perfect for xeriscaping
  • Low fertility needs: It doesn’t demand rich soil or frequent fertilizing
  • Fire tolerant: A great choice for areas prone to wildfires
  • Cold hardy: Can withstand temperatures as low as -33°F
  • Erosion control: Those deep roots (minimum 12 inches) help stabilize soil

Where Does Muttongrass Shine in the Landscape?

Think of muttongrass as nature’s carpet – it’s perfect for creating natural groundcover in areas where you want a prairie or grassland feel. It works wonderfully in:

  • Native plant gardens and prairie restorations
  • Water-wise landscapes and xeriscapes
  • Naturalized areas where you want low-maintenance coverage
  • Slopes and areas needing erosion control
  • Transitional zones between cultivated and wild spaces

Growing Conditions and Care

Muttongrass is refreshingly unfussy about its growing conditions. Here’s what it prefers:

  • Soil: Adapts well to coarse and medium-textured soils; avoid heavy clay
  • Water: Low water needs once established (10-30 inches annual precipitation)
  • Sun: Full sun to partial shade (intermediate shade tolerance)
  • pH: Slightly acidic to neutral (6.3-8.0)
  • Climate: Needs at least 90 frost-free days but handles cold winters well

Planting and Establishment Tips

Muttongrass is typically grown from seed, and patience is key – this isn’t a grass that rushes to establish. Here’s how to succeed:

  • Timing: Plant seeds in spring for best results
  • Seeding rate: With about 890,000 seeds per pound, a little goes a long way
  • Germination: Expect medium seedling vigor and slow initial spread
  • Growth rate: Moderate growth once established, with active growth in spring and summer
  • Patience required: This grass takes time to establish but rewards you with long-term durability

A Few Things to Keep in Mind

While muttongrass is wonderfully low-maintenance, it’s not the showiest grass in the garden. Its flowers are small and yellow, blooming in mid-spring, but they’re not particularly conspicuous. The real beauty lies in its fine texture and natural, prairie-like appearance.

Also, commercial availability can be limited – you might need to seek out specialized native plant suppliers or seed companies that focus on regional native species.

The Bottom Line

Muttongrass might not win any beauty contests, but it’s a reliable, drought-tolerant native that does exactly what you need it to do with minimal fuss. If you’re creating a water-wise landscape, establishing a prairie garden, or simply want a low-maintenance ground cover that supports your local ecosystem, this humble grass deserves serious consideration. Sometimes the best garden plants are the ones that quietly do their job while you focus on the flashier stars of your landscape.

How

Muttongrass

Grows

Growing season

Spring and Summer

Lifespan

Moderate

Growth form & shape

Bunch and Erect

Growth rate

Moderate

Height at 20 years
Maximum height

2.6

Foliage color

Green

Summer foliage density

Moderate

Winter foliage density

Porous

Foliage retention

No

Flowering

No

Flower color

Yellow

Fruit/seeds

No

Fruit/seed color

Brown

Allelopath

No

Nitrogen fixing

None

Toxic

None

C:N Ratio

Medium

Fire Resistant

No

Foliage Texture

Fine

Low-growing Grass

No

Resproutability

No

Coppice Ability

No

Bloat

None

Muttongrass

Growing Conditions

Adapted to Coarse Soil

Yes

Adapted to Medium Soil

Yes

Adapted to Fine Soil

No

Anaerobic tolerance

None

CaCO₃ tolerance

Low

Cold Stratification

No

Drought tolerance

High

Nutrient requirement

Low

Fire tolerance

High

Frost-free days minimum

90

Hedge tolerance

None

Moisture requirement

Low

pH range

6.3 to 8.0

Plants per acre
Precipitation range (in)

10 to 30

Min root depth (in)

12

Salt tolerance

None

Shade tolerance

Intermediate

Min temperature (F)

-33

Cultivating

Muttongrass

Flowering season

Mid Spring

Commercial availability

No Known Source

Fruit/seed abundance

Low

Fruit/seed season

Spring to Summer

Fruit/seed persistence

No

Propagated by bare root

No

Propagated by bulb

No

Propagated by container

No

Propagated by corm

No

Propagated by cuttings

No

Propagated by seed

Yes

Propagated by sod

No

Propagated by sprigs

No

Propagated by tubers

No

Seed per pound

890000

Seed spread rate

Slow

Seedling vigor

Medium

Small grain

No

Vegetative spread rate

None

Muttongrass

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Commelinidae

Order

Cyperales

Family

Poaceae Barnhart - Grass family

Genus

Poa L. - bluegrass

Species

Poa fendleriana (Steud.) Vasey - muttongrass

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA