North America Native Plant

Muskeg Lousewort

Botanical name: Pedicularis macrodonta

USDA symbol: PEMA

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Alaska âš˜ Native to Canada  

Synonyms: Pedicularis parviflora Sm. ex Rees var. macrodonta (Richardson) S.L. Welsh (PEPAM2)   

Muskeg Lousewort: A Hardy Arctic Beauty for Specialized Gardens If you’re drawn to unique native plants with character, muskeg lousewort (Pedicularis macrodonta) might just capture your imagination. This remarkable perennial forb brings a touch of the Arctic wilderness to specialized garden settings, though it’s definitely not your typical garden center ...

Muskeg Lousewort: A Hardy Arctic Beauty for Specialized Gardens

If you’re drawn to unique native plants with character, muskeg lousewort (Pedicularis macrodonta) might just capture your imagination. This remarkable perennial forb brings a touch of the Arctic wilderness to specialized garden settings, though it’s definitely not your typical garden center find!

What Is Muskeg Lousewort?

Muskeg lousewort is a fascinating native wildflower that calls the coldest corners of North America home. Don’t let the lousewort name put you off – it’s an old folk name that has nothing to do with actual lice! This hardy perennial produces delicate, fern-like foliage topped with spikes of small purple to pink tubular flowers that have an almost orchid-like elegance.

As a forb, this plant lacks woody stems and dies back to ground level each winter, re-emerging fresh each spring from underground buds. What makes it truly special is its semi-parasitic nature – it partially relies on nearby plants for nutrients while still photosynthesizing on its own.

Native Status and Geographic Distribution

This cold-loving native is right at home across Alaska and Canada, thriving in Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut. It’s perfectly adapted to harsh northern climates and represents the resilience of Arctic flora.

Why Consider Muskeg Lousewort?

Here’s why this unique native might appeal to adventurous gardeners:

  • Extreme cold hardiness: Thrives in USDA zones 1-4, perfect for northern gardens
  • Pollinator support: Attracts bumblebees and other cold-adapted pollinators
  • Conservation value: Supporting native plant diversity
  • Unique beauty: Delicate flowers and foliage unlike common garden plants
  • Conversation starter: Its interesting biology makes it a garden curiosity

The Reality Check: Growing Challenges

Let’s be honest – muskeg lousewort is not for the casual gardener. Its semi-parasitic nature means it needs specific host plants to thrive, making cultivation extremely challenging. It naturally grows in moist, acidic soils of bogs, muskegs, and wet meadows with cool temperatures year-round.

Most gardeners are better off appreciating this beauty in its natural habitat rather than attempting cultivation. If you live in its native range, consider participating in habitat conservation instead of trying to transplant it to your garden.

Ideal Garden Settings (For the Brave!)

If you’re determined to try growing muskeg lousewort, it would theoretically work best in:

  • Alpine or rock gardens with consistent moisture
  • Bog gardens or naturalized wetland areas
  • Native plant collections in very cold climates
  • Specialized research or educational gardens

Growing Conditions

Should you attempt cultivation, muskeg lousewort requires:

  • Temperature: Cool, northern climates only
  • Soil: Consistently moist to wet, acidic conditions
  • Light: Partial shade to full sun
  • Drainage: Moist but not stagnant
  • Host plants: Nearby grasses or other suitable hosts for its parasitic needs

The Bottom Line

Muskeg lousewort is undoubtedly a fascinating native plant that supports northern ecosystems and pollinators. While its unique beauty and extreme hardiness are appealing, the reality is that this specialized wildflower is best appreciated in its natural habitat rather than in cultivation.

For most gardeners, focusing on other cold-hardy natives that are easier to grow – like wild bergamot, purple prairie clover, or native asters – will provide better success while still supporting local ecosystems. Save muskeg lousewort appreciation for those special wilderness encounters where you can marvel at this Arctic survivor in its natural glory!

Muskeg Lousewort

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Scrophulariales

Family

Scrophulariaceae Juss. - Figwort family

Genus

Pedicularis L. - lousewort

Species

Pedicularis macrodonta Richardson - muskeg lousewort

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA