North America Native Plant

Mt. Kaala Cyanea

Botanical name: Cyanea superba superba

USDA symbol: CYSUS

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: tree

Native status: Native to Hawaii  

Synonyms: Cyanea superba (Cham.) A. Gray var. velutina Rock (CYSUV)   

Mt. Kaala Cyanea: A Rare Hawaiian Native Worth Protecting If you’re passionate about Hawaiian native plants and conservation gardening, the Mt. Kaala cyanea (Cyanea superba superba) might just capture your heart. This striking endemic tree represents both the beauty and fragility of Hawaii’s unique flora, making it a meaningful addition ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S1T1: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘ Subspecies or variety is critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘

Mt. Kaala Cyanea: A Rare Hawaiian Native Worth Protecting

If you’re passionate about Hawaiian native plants and conservation gardening, the Mt. Kaala cyanea (Cyanea superba superba) might just capture your heart. This striking endemic tree represents both the beauty and fragility of Hawaii’s unique flora, making it a meaningful addition to specialized native plant collections.

What Makes Mt. Kaala Cyanea Special?

The Mt. Kaala cyanea is a remarkable perennial tree that belongs to Hawaii’s endemic lobelioid group. What sets this plant apart is its impressive stature – it typically grows as a single-stemmed woody plant reaching heights of 13 to 16 feet or more, though environmental conditions can sometimes result in shorter, multi-stemmed forms.

This species is found exclusively in Hawaii, making it a true treasure of the islands’ botanical heritage. Its botanical name, Cyanea superba superba, hints at just how superb botanists found this plant when they first described it.

Geographic Distribution and Native Status

Mt. Kaala cyanea is endemic to Hawaii, with its natural range restricted to the Waianae Mountains on Oahu, particularly around Mt. Kaala. This incredibly limited distribution makes it one of Hawaii’s most geographically restricted native plants.

Important Conservation Considerations

Critical Rarity Alert: Before considering adding this plant to your garden, it’s essential to understand that Mt. Kaala cyanea has a Global Conservation Status of S1T1, indicating it is critically imperiled. This means the species faces an extremely high risk of extinction.

If you’re interested in growing this rare native, please ensure you source it only from reputable native plant nurseries that use responsibly propagated material. Never collect from wild populations, as this could further threaten the species’ survival.

Aesthetic Appeal and Garden Role

Mt. Kaala cyanea offers unique aesthetic value with its distinctive lobelioid characteristics. As a tree-form member of the bellflower family, it provides an unusual architectural element that’s quite different from typical garden trees. Its large, broad leaves and eventual flowering displays make it a conversation starter and a living piece of Hawaiian natural history.

In landscape design, this plant works best as:

  • A specimen plant in Hawaiian native gardens
  • Part of conservation-focused botanical collections
  • Educational plantings in botanical gardens or nature centers
  • Specialized montane forest restoration projects

Growing Conditions and Care

Successfully growing Mt. Kaala cyanea requires replicating its native montane forest habitat. This isn’t a plant for beginners or typical garden settings – it demands specific conditions:

Climate Requirements: This species is adapted to USDA hardiness zones 10-11, requiring consistently warm tropical to subtropical conditions with high humidity.

Light and Moisture: Mt. Kaala cyanea thrives in filtered sunlight with consistent moisture. Think cool, misty mountain forest conditions rather than bright, dry lowland gardens.

Specialized Care: This plant needs protection from strong winds, consistent humidity, and well-draining but moisture-retentive soil that mimics forest floor conditions.

Wildlife and Pollinator Benefits

Historically, Hawaiian lobelioids like Mt. Kaala cyanea co-evolved with native Hawaiian honeycreepers, which served as their primary pollinators. Unfortunately, many of these native bird species are now extinct or critically endangered, creating additional challenges for the plant’s reproduction in the wild.

Should You Plant Mt. Kaala Cyanea?

This is a plant for dedicated conservation gardeners and native plant enthusiasts who can provide specialized care. Consider growing Mt. Kaala cyanea if you:

  • Have experience with challenging Hawaiian native plants
  • Can provide appropriate montane forest conditions
  • Want to contribute to conservation efforts
  • Have access to responsibly sourced plant material

However, this might not be the right choice if you’re looking for a low-maintenance garden plant or live outside of tropical/subtropical zones.

The Bottom Line

Mt. Kaala cyanea represents the incredible botanical diversity that makes Hawaii special. While it’s not an easy plant to grow, it offers dedicated gardeners the opportunity to participate in conserving one of the world’s rarest trees. If you’re up for the challenge and can source it responsibly, this remarkable native could become the crown jewel of your Hawaiian plant collection.

Remember: growing rare natives like Mt. Kaala cyanea isn’t just gardening – it’s active participation in conservation. Every successfully cultivated plant represents hope for the species’ future.

Mt. Kaala Cyanea

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Campanulales

Family

Campanulaceae Juss. - Bellflower family

Genus

Cyanea Gaudich. - cyanea

Species

Cyanea superba (Cham.) A. Gray - Mt. Kaala cyanea

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA