North America Native Plant

Mountain Spurge

Botanical name: Euphorbia chamaesula

USDA symbol: EUCH2

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Tithymalus chamaesula (Boiss.) Wooton & Standl. (TICH)   

Mountain Spurge: A Lesser-Known Native Gem from the Southwest If you’re passionate about native plants and love discovering hidden botanical treasures, mountain spurge might just pique your curiosity. This perennial forb calls the American Southwest home, though it’s not exactly the kind of plant you’ll find at your local garden ...

Mountain Spurge: A Lesser-Known Native Gem from the Southwest

If you’re passionate about native plants and love discovering hidden botanical treasures, mountain spurge might just pique your curiosity. This perennial forb calls the American Southwest home, though it’s not exactly the kind of plant you’ll find at your local garden center – and there’s a good reason for that.

What Is Mountain Spurge?

Mountain spurge (Euphorbia chamaesula) is a native perennial that belongs to the diverse spurge family. As a forb, it’s an herbaceous plant without woody stems, meaning it dies back to the ground each winter and returns from its roots the following spring. You might also see it listed under its synonym Tithymalus chamaesula in older botanical references.

Where Does It Grow Naturally?

This native beauty has a pretty specific address – you’ll find it growing wild in Arizona and New Mexico. It’s perfectly adapted to the unique conditions of the southwestern United States, where it has evolved alongside other desert and mountain plants for thousands of years.

The Challenge with Mountain Spurge

Here’s where things get interesting (and a bit frustrating for plant enthusiasts): mountain spurge is somewhat of a botanical mystery. Despite being a legitimate native species, there’s surprisingly little detailed information available about its specific growing requirements, appearance, or garden performance. This isn’t uncommon with some of our lesser-studied native plants, especially those with limited geographic ranges.

Should You Try Growing Mountain Spurge?

The honest answer? It’s complicated. While supporting native plants is always admirable, the lack of readily available information about mountain spurge makes it a challenging choice for most gardeners. Here’s what to consider:

  • Seeds or plants are extremely difficult to find commercially
  • Growing requirements are not well-documented
  • Garden performance is largely unknown
  • It may have very specific habitat needs that are hard to replicate

Better Native Alternatives

If you’re drawn to the idea of growing southwestern native spurges, consider these better-documented alternatives:

  • Desert Spurge (Euphorbia albomarginata) – A lovely ground-hugging native with white-edged leaves
  • Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) – Though this one’s actually invasive, so skip it!
  • Other southwestern natives like desert marigold, brittlebush, or penstemon species

If You’re Determined to Try

Should you somehow locate mountain spurge seeds or plants, here are some general guidelines based on its native habitat:

  • Provide excellent drainage – southwestern natives typically hate wet feet
  • Expect it to prefer full sun to partial shade
  • Minimal water once established, following natural rainfall patterns
  • Rocky or sandy soil conditions might be preferred
  • Cold hardiness likely suitable for USDA zones found in its native range

The Bottom Line

Mountain spurge represents one of those fascinating native plants that reminds us how much we still have to learn about our local flora. While it’s not practical for most gardeners due to availability and knowledge gaps, it’s worth celebrating as part of our native plant heritage. If you’re in Arizona or New Mexico, keep an eye out for it in the wild – you might be one of the lucky few to observe this elusive native in its natural habitat.

For now, your garden (and the local ecosystem) will probably benefit more from choosing well-documented southwestern natives that you can actually find, grow successfully, and enjoy for years to come.

Mountain Spurge

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Euphorbiales

Family

Euphorbiaceae Juss. - Spurge family

Genus

Euphorbia L. - spurge

Species

Euphorbia chamaesula Boiss. - mountain spurge

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA