North America Native Plant

Mountain Nettle

Botanical name: Urtica gracilenta

USDA symbol: URGR

Life cycle: annual

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Mountain Nettle: A Native Southwestern Wildflower Worth Considering If you’re looking to add authentic southwestern character to your native plant garden, mountain nettle (Urtica gracilenta) might just be the unsung hero you didn’t know you needed. This humble annual forb may not win any beauty contests, but it plays an ...

Mountain Nettle: A Native Southwestern Wildflower Worth Considering

If you’re looking to add authentic southwestern character to your native plant garden, mountain nettle (Urtica gracilenta) might just be the unsung hero you didn’t know you needed. This humble annual forb may not win any beauty contests, but it plays an important role in supporting local ecosystems across the American Southwest.

What is Mountain Nettle?

Mountain nettle is an annual forb native to the southwestern United States. As a member of the nettle family, it’s a non-woody plant that completes its entire life cycle in a single growing season. Like other forbs, it lacks the significant woody tissue that characterizes shrubs and trees, instead putting its energy into producing flowers, seeds, and supporting wildlife.

Where Does Mountain Nettle Grow Naturally?

This native beauty calls the southwestern United States home, naturally occurring across Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. As a true native species to these regions, mountain nettle has evolved alongside local wildlife and other native plants, making it a valuable addition to authentic regional landscapes.

Should You Plant Mountain Nettle in Your Garden?

Mountain nettle might be the perfect choice if you’re creating a native plant garden or naturalized area that celebrates southwestern flora. Here’s why you might want to consider it:

  • It’s a true native species that supports local ecosystems
  • Requires minimal care once established, being adapted to regional conditions
  • Provides food and habitat for native insects and wildlife
  • Adds authentic character to southwestern native plant gardens
  • Helps preserve regional plant heritage

However, mountain nettle may not be the best choice if you’re looking for showy flowers or ornamental appeal. Like most nettles, its primary value lies in its ecological contributions rather than visual impact.

Growing Mountain Nettle Successfully

As a native annual, mountain nettle is generally low-maintenance once you understand its needs. Based on its natural range, it likely thrives in USDA hardiness zones 7-10, making it suitable for most southwestern gardens.

Planting and Care Tips

While specific growing information for mountain nettle is limited, you can follow these general guidelines based on its native habitat and growth characteristics:

  • Plant in areas that receive partial to full sun
  • Provide well-draining soil, as most southwestern natives prefer good drainage
  • Water moderately during establishment, then reduce as the plant adapts
  • Allow the plant to self-seed for natural regeneration the following year
  • Avoid over-fertilizing, as native plants typically prefer lean soils

Wildlife and Pollinator Benefits

While specific wildlife benefits for mountain nettle aren’t well-documented, nettles in general are known to support various insects, including butterfly larvae and other beneficial species. By choosing native plants like mountain nettle, you’re providing food sources and habitat that local wildlife has depended on for thousands of years.

The Bottom Line

Mountain nettle may not be the flashiest addition to your garden, but it offers something more valuable: authenticity. If you’re passionate about supporting native ecosystems and creating landscapes that reflect the true character of the Southwest, this humble annual deserves a spot in your native plant collection. Just remember to source your plants or seeds responsibly from reputable native plant suppliers to ensure you’re getting the genuine article.

Sometimes the most important garden plants are the quiet ones that work behind the scenes, supporting the web of life that makes our southwestern landscapes so special.

Mountain Nettle

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Hamamelididae

Order

Urticales

Family

Urticaceae Juss. - Nettle family

Genus

Urtica L. - nettle

Species

Urtica gracilenta Greene - mountain nettle

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA