North America Native Plant

Mountain Necklace Fern

Botanical name: Lindsaea quadrangularis antillensis

USDA symbol: LIQUA

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Puerto Rico  

Synonyms: Lindsaea montana Fée (LIMO8)   

Mountain Necklace Fern: A Rare Caribbean Native Worth Knowing If you’re fascinated by the world of ferns and have a soft spot for rare botanical treasures, let me introduce you to the mountain necklace fern (Lindsaea quadrangularis antillensis). This delicate perennial fern is one of Puerto Rico’s native botanical gems, ...

Mountain Necklace Fern: A Rare Caribbean Native Worth Knowing

If you’re fascinated by the world of ferns and have a soft spot for rare botanical treasures, let me introduce you to the mountain necklace fern (Lindsaea quadrangularis antillensis). This delicate perennial fern is one of Puerto Rico’s native botanical gems, though you’re unlikely to stumble across it at your local nursery.

What Exactly Is the Mountain Necklace Fern?

The mountain necklace fern belongs to the Lindsaea genus, a group of small, delicate ferns known for their intricate frond patterns. Also known by its scientific synonym Lindsaea montana, this particular species has adapted to life in Puerto Rico’s unique mountain ecosystems. Like other members of its genus, it’s a perennial that returns year after year, quietly doing its part in the forest understory.

As a fern, this plant reproduces through spores rather than flowers or seeds, and it plays a different ecological role than your typical flowering garden plants. Think of it as nature’s living lacework – intricate, delicate, and absolutely captivating when you take the time to really look.

Where Does It Call Home?

This fern is exclusively native to Puerto Rico, making it a true island endemic. It’s perfectly adapted to the tropical conditions of the Caribbean, where it thrives in the specific microclimates that Puerto Rico’s diverse landscapes provide.

Is It Beneficial for Gardens?

While we don’t have extensive data on this particular fern’s specific garden benefits, ferns in general are fantastic additions to shaded garden spaces. They:

  • Add texture and visual interest to areas where flowering plants struggle
  • Help create a naturalistic, woodland atmosphere
  • Provide habitat and shelter for small wildlife
  • Require minimal maintenance once established
  • Help prevent soil erosion with their root systems

However, given its rarity and limited availability, the mountain necklace fern is more of a botanical curiosity than a practical garden choice for most of us.

How to Identify Mountain Necklace Fern

Identifying this particular fern can be tricky, especially since detailed descriptions are limited in readily available sources. Like other Lindsaea species, you can expect:

  • Delicate, finely divided fronds
  • Small stature compared to many common garden ferns
  • Preference for shaded, humid conditions
  • Spore-bearing structures (sori) arranged along the frond edges

If you’re lucky enough to encounter this fern in its native Puerto Rican habitat, take photos and notes, but please resist the urge to collect specimens. Rare plants like this need all the help they can get to maintain stable populations.

The Bottom Line for Gardeners

While the mountain necklace fern is undoubtedly a fascinating native species, it’s not readily available for home cultivation. If you’re drawn to the idea of growing Caribbean native ferns, consider researching other Puerto Rican native species that might be more accessible through specialized native plant sources.

For mainland gardeners inspired by the delicate beauty of Lindsaea ferns, look into native fern species in your own region. Every area has its own wonderful native ferns that can provide similar aesthetic appeal while supporting local ecosystems.

The mountain necklace fern serves as a reminder that our planet is full of botanical treasures we’re still learning about – and that sometimes the most special plants are the ones we admire from afar while working to protect their natural habitats.

Mountain Necklace Fern

Classification

Group

Fern

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Pteridophyta - Ferns

Subdivision
Class

Filicopsida

Subclass
Order

Polypodiales

Family

Dennstaedtiaceae Lotsy - Bracken Fern family

Genus

Lindsaea Dryand. ex Sm. - necklace fern

Species

Lindsaea quadrangularis Raddi - mountain necklace fern

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA