North America Native Plant

Mosquito Bills

Botanical name: Dodecatheon hendersonii cruciatum

USDA symbol: DOHEC

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Dodecatheon hendersonii A. Gray var. cruciatum Greene (DOHEC2)   

Mosquito Bills: A Charming California Native for Your Spring Garden If you’re looking for a delightful native wildflower that brings early spring magic to your California garden, meet mosquito bills (Dodecatheon hendersonii cruciatum). Despite its quirky common name, this charming perennial is actually a member of the shooting star family, ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S5T3?: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Inexact rank: ⚘ Subspecies or variety is vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. ⚘ Secure: At very low or no risk of extinction in the jurisdiction due to a very extensive range, abundant populations or occurrences, with little to no concern from declines or threats. ⚘

Mosquito Bills: A Charming California Native for Your Spring Garden

If you’re looking for a delightful native wildflower that brings early spring magic to your California garden, meet mosquito bills (Dodecatheon hendersonii cruciatum). Despite its quirky common name, this charming perennial is actually a member of the shooting star family, producing some of the most distinctive and beautiful blooms you’ll find in the native plant world.

What Makes Mosquito Bills Special?

Mosquito bills is a native California forb – that’s gardening speak for a non-woody perennial herb that dies back to the ground each year. This little beauty is perfectly adapted to our Mediterranean climate and offers something truly special for gardeners who appreciate native plants.

As a California native found throughout the state, mosquito bills has evolved alongside our local ecosystems for thousands of years. This means it’s naturally suited to our unique climate patterns and supports local wildlife in ways that non-native plants simply can’t match.

A Spring Spectacle Worth Waiting For

The real magic happens in early spring when mosquito bills produces its distinctive flowers. Picture delicate blooms with swept-back petals in shades of pink to white, looking almost like tiny shooting stars or miniature cyclamen flowers. These unique backward-curved petals give the plant its shooting star family resemblance and create an absolutely enchanting display.

But here’s the thing about mosquito bills – it’s what we call a spring ephemeral. This means it puts on its show early in the year, then quietly retreats underground for the hot, dry summer months. It’s nature’s way of beating the California heat!

Perfect Pollinator Support

Those early spring blooms aren’t just pretty to look at – they’re incredibly valuable to native bees and other pollinators who are just waking up from winter. When many other plants are still dormant, mosquito bills is already providing crucial nectar and pollen resources for our local beneficial insects.

Where Does Mosquito Bills Shine in Your Garden?

This adaptable native works beautifully in several garden settings:

  • Native California plant gardens where it can naturalize with other indigenous species
  • Rock gardens where its compact size and drought tolerance are perfect
  • Woodland gardens under oak trees or other native canopy
  • Naturalized meadow areas where it can spread and colonize
  • Water-wise landscapes that celebrate California’s natural beauty

Growing Mosquito Bills Successfully

The best news about mosquito bills? It’s remarkably easy to grow once you understand its natural rhythm. This plant thrives in USDA hardiness zones 7-9, making it perfect for most of California’s gardening regions.

Soil and Location: Give mosquito bills well-draining soil – soggy conditions are its enemy. It’s happy in partial shade to full sun, though some afternoon shade in hotter inland areas is appreciated.

Planting Tips: Fall is the ideal time to plant mosquito bills. This gives the roots time to establish before the spring growing season. Look for plants from reputable native plant nurseries, or try growing from seed if you’re feeling adventurous.

Watering Wisdom: Here’s where mosquito bills really shines as a water-wise choice. Give it regular water during the growing season (fall through spring), then back off significantly in summer when the plant naturally goes dormant. Overwatering during dormancy is one of the few ways to kill this tough little native.

Maintenance: Honestly, mosquito bills is pretty much a plant it and forget it kind of native. Let the foliage die back naturally in summer – resist the urge to clean it up too early, as the plant needs this time to store energy for next year’s show.

A Few Things to Keep in Mind

Mosquito bills has a global conservation status that suggests it may need some attention in terms of conservation, so always source your plants responsibly from reputable native plant nurseries. Never collect from the wild – let’s keep those natural populations healthy!

Remember that this is a spring ephemeral, so plan your garden accordingly. You’ll want other plants to provide interest once mosquito bills goes dormant for the summer. It pairs beautifully with other California natives that have different seasonal interest periods.

Why Choose Mosquito Bills?

In a world of water-hungry, high-maintenance garden plants, mosquito bills offers something refreshingly different. It’s a true California native that asks for very little while giving back so much – early spring beauty, pollinator support, and that special satisfaction that comes from growing plants that truly belong in our landscapes.

Whether you’re creating your first native plant garden or you’re a seasoned California native plant enthusiast, mosquito bills deserves a spot in your spring garden. Just remember to source it responsibly, give it good drainage, and then sit back and enjoy one of California’s most charming native wildflowers.

Mosquito Bills

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Dilleniidae

Order

Primulales

Family

Primulaceae Batsch - Primrose family

Genus

Dodecatheon L. - shootingstar

Species

Dodecatheon hendersonii A. Gray - mosquito bills

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA