North America Native Plant

Monte Neva Indian Paintbrush

Botanical name: Castilleja salsuginosa

USDA symbol: CASA20

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Monte Neva Indian Paintbrush: A Rare Nevada Treasure Meet one of Nevada’s most elusive wildflowers: the Monte Neva Indian paintbrush (Castilleja salsuginosa). This stunning perennial forb is a true botanical gem that captures the hearts of native plant enthusiasts, though it’s definitely not your typical garden center find. If you’re ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S1Q: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Uncertain taxonomy: ⚘ Critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘

Monte Neva Indian Paintbrush: A Rare Nevada Treasure

Meet one of Nevada’s most elusive wildflowers: the Monte Neva Indian paintbrush (Castilleja salsuginosa). This stunning perennial forb is a true botanical gem that captures the hearts of native plant enthusiasts, though it’s definitely not your typical garden center find. If you’re drawn to rare and specialized native plants, this vibrant wildflower offers a fascinating glimpse into Nevada’s unique high-elevation ecosystems.

What Makes This Plant Special

The Monte Neva Indian paintbrush is a perennial forb, meaning it’s an herbaceous plant that comes back year after year without developing woody stems. Like other members of the Indian paintbrush family, it produces those iconic tubular, bright red-orange to scarlet bracts that make the whole plant look like it’s been dipped in paint. These colorful displays aren’t actually the true flowers – they’re specialized leaves called bracts that surround the smaller, less showy actual flowers.

Where You’ll Find It (Or Won’t!)

This native beauty calls Nevada home and only Nevada. It’s what botanists call an endemic species, meaning it exists naturally nowhere else in the world. The plant thrives in Nevada’s high-elevation environments, where it has adapted to some pretty challenging conditions that most garden plants would find impossible.

The Rarity Factor: Why This Matters

Here’s where things get serious: Monte Neva Indian paintbrush has a Global Conservation Status of S1Q, indicating it’s extremely rare and its status is still being evaluated by scientists. This rarity means several important things for gardeners:

  • Wild collection is absolutely off-limits and likely illegal
  • Any cultivation should only use responsibly sourced, nursery-propagated material
  • Even finding legitimate sources is extremely difficult
  • Growing it successfully requires specialized knowledge and conditions

Growing Challenges: Not for Beginners

Let’s be honest – this isn’t a plant for casual gardeners. Monte Neva Indian paintbrush, like most Indian paintbrush species, is what’s called a root parasite. This means it literally taps into the root systems of other plants to supplement its nutrition. Without the right host plants and very specific soil conditions, it simply won’t survive in cultivation.

The plant has a facultative wetland status in the Arid West, meaning it can handle both wet and dry conditions – but this flexibility comes with the caveat that it needs the exact right balance of moisture, soil chemistry, and elevation that its native habitat provides.

Wildlife and Pollinator Benefits

In its natural habitat, Monte Neva Indian paintbrush serves as a valuable nectar source for hummingbirds and specialized native pollinators. The tubular shape of its flowers makes it particularly attractive to hummingbirds, while the bright colors act as a beacon in the high-elevation landscape.

Should You Try Growing It?

For most gardeners, the answer is probably no – but not because it isn’t wonderful. The combination of its rarity, specialized growing requirements, and parasitic nature makes it nearly impossible to cultivate successfully outside its native range. Instead, consider these alternatives that capture some of the same magic:

  • Other Castilleja species that are more common and easier to grow
  • Native Nevada wildflowers suited to your specific elevation and conditions
  • Supporting conservation efforts for rare plants like this one

The Bottom Line

Monte Neva Indian paintbrush represents the incredible diversity and specialization of Nevada’s native flora. While it may not be destined for your backyard garden, appreciating and protecting plants like this one helps preserve the unique ecosystems that make the American West so special. Sometimes the best way to love a plant is to admire it in its natural habitat and work to keep that habitat healthy for future generations.

If you’re passionate about rare native plants, consider supporting botanical gardens, conservation organizations, or research institutions that work to study and protect species like Monte Neva Indian paintbrush. That way, future plant lovers will have the chance to marvel at this Nevada treasure too.

Monte Neva Indian Paintbrush

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Scrophulariales

Family

Scrophulariaceae Juss. - Figwort family

Genus

Castilleja Mutis ex L. f. - Indian paintbrush

Species

Castilleja salsuginosa N.H. Holmgren - Monte Neva Indian paintbrush

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA