North America Native Plant

Montane Rockcap Fern

Botanical name: Pecluma consimilis

USDA symbol: PECO29

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Puerto Rico  

Synonyms: Polypodium consimile Mett. (POCO23)   

Montane Rockcap Fern: A Rare Puerto Rican Native Worth Knowing If you’re fascinated by the world of native ferns, you might have stumbled across the montane rockcap fern (Pecluma consimilis) in your botanical adventures. This perennial fern is one of Puerto Rico’s native treasures, though it’s not exactly what you’d ...

Montane Rockcap Fern: A Rare Puerto Rican Native Worth Knowing

If you’re fascinated by the world of native ferns, you might have stumbled across the montane rockcap fern (Pecluma consimilis) in your botanical adventures. This perennial fern is one of Puerto Rico’s native treasures, though it’s not exactly what you’d call a household name in the gardening world.

What Exactly Is the Montane Rockcap Fern?

The montane rockcap fern belongs to the Pecluma genus, a group of ferns known for their ability to thrive in rocky environments. As its common name suggests, this particular species has a thing for mountainous, rocky habitats. Botanically speaking, it’s classified as a forb – essentially a vascular plant without significant woody tissue above ground, with its growing points tucked safely at or below soil level.

You might occasionally see this fern referenced by its scientific synonym, Polypodium consimile, in older botanical texts, but Pecluma consimilis is the current accepted name.

Where Does It Call Home?

This fern is endemic to Puerto Rico, meaning it’s found naturally nowhere else in the world. It’s perfectly adapted to the unique climate and rocky terrain of Puerto Rican mountains, where it has evolved to fill a very specific ecological niche.

Why Should Gardeners Care?

Here’s where things get a bit tricky. The montane rockcap fern is what you might call a specialist species – it has very specific habitat requirements that make it challenging to cultivate outside its natural environment. While it’s undoubtedly a fascinating native plant, it’s not typically available in the nursery trade, and detailed growing information is scarce in gardening literature.

For gardeners in Puerto Rico interested in native landscaping, this fern represents the incredible diversity of endemic species on the island. However, its rarity and specialized needs mean it’s more of a look but don’t touch species for most gardening enthusiasts.

What Makes It Special?

As a native Puerto Rican species, the montane rockcap fern plays an important role in its mountain ecosystem. Like many ferns, it likely provides:

  • Habitat and shelter for small wildlife
  • Erosion control on rocky slopes
  • Contribution to the unique biodiversity of Puerto Rico’s montane forests

The Bottom Line for Gardeners

While the montane rockcap fern is undoubtedly a remarkable native species, it’s not a practical choice for most garden settings. Its specialized habitat requirements and limited availability make it more of a conservation concern than a garden plant. If you’re passionate about native Puerto Rican plants, consider supporting conservation efforts that protect the natural habitats where species like this can thrive.

For gardeners interested in incorporating ferns into their Puerto Rican landscapes, there are likely other native fern species that are more readily available and better suited to cultivation. Always source plants responsibly and consider the ecological impact of your gardening choices.

Montane Rockcap Fern

Classification

Group

Fern

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Pteridophyta - Ferns

Subdivision
Class

Filicopsida

Subclass
Order

Polypodiales

Family

Polypodiaceae J. Presl & C. Presl - Polypody family

Genus

Pecluma M.G. Price - rockcap fern

Species

Pecluma consimilis (Mett.) M.G. Price - montane rockcap fern

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA