North America Native Plant

Molokai Peperomia

Botanical name: Peperomia alternifolia

USDA symbol: PEAL9

Life cycle: annual

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Hawaii  

Molokai Peperomia: A Rare Hawaiian Native Worth Protecting Meet the Molokai peperomia (Peperomia alternifolia), a charming little Hawaiian native that’s as rare as it is special. This petite forb calls the island of Molokai home, and if you’re lucky enough to encounter one, you’re looking at a true botanical treasure ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S3: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘

Molokai Peperomia: A Rare Hawaiian Native Worth Protecting

Meet the Molokai peperomia (Peperomia alternifolia), a charming little Hawaiian native that’s as rare as it is special. This petite forb calls the island of Molokai home, and if you’re lucky enough to encounter one, you’re looking at a true botanical treasure that deserves our respect and protection.

A Native Hawaiian Gem

The Molokai peperomia is endemic to Hawaii, meaning it exists nowhere else on Earth. This small annual forb has evolved specifically to thrive in Hawaiian conditions, making it a genuine piece of the islands’ natural heritage. As a native species, it plays an important role in Hawaii’s unique ecosystem, even if that role isn’t fully understood yet.

Where to Find It (If You’re Lucky)

This special plant is found exclusively in Hawaii, with its strongest populations on Molokai. However, don’t expect to stumble across one during your next island vacation – this little guy is quite the rarity.

Conservation Status: Handle with Care

Here’s where things get serious: the Molokai peperomia has a Global Conservation Status of S3, which translates to Vulnerable. This means it’s either very rare throughout its range or found only in restricted areas. Scientists estimate there are only 21 to 100 occurrences of this plant, with somewhere between 3,000 and 10,000 individual plants total. In plant conservation terms, those are pretty sobering numbers.

What does this mean for gardeners? If you’re considering adding this plant to your collection, it’s crucial to source it responsibly. Never collect plants from the wild, and only purchase from reputable nurseries that propagate their stock ethically.

What It Looks Like

As a member of the Peperomia family, this plant shares the typical characteristics you’d expect: small, succulent-like leaves and a compact growth habit. Being classified as a forb, it’s a non-woody vascular plant that completes its life cycle in one year. Think of it as nature’s way of creating a tiny, temporary garden accent that packs a lot of charm into a small package.

Growing Conditions and Care

While specific growing information for Peperomia alternifolia is limited, we can make educated guesses based on its Hawaiian heritage and family characteristics:

  • Climate: Tropical conditions only (USDA zones 10-12)
  • Light: Likely prefers filtered light or partial shade
  • Soil: Well-draining soil that doesn’t stay waterlogged
  • Water: Regular moisture without overwatering
  • Temperature: Warm, stable temperatures year-round

Garden Role and Design Ideas

In the right setting, the Molokai peperomia could serve as an understory plant or small-scale ground cover in tropical gardens. Its compact size makes it perfect for container gardening or as part of a native Hawaiian plant collection. However, given its rarity, it’s more of a conservation plant than a landscape workhorse.

Should You Grow It?

This is where responsible gardening comes into play. While the Molokai peperomia isn’t invasive or noxious, its vulnerable status means we need to be thoughtful about cultivation. If you’re passionate about Hawaiian native plants and can source it ethically, growing this species can contribute to its preservation through ex-situ conservation.

However, if you’re simply looking for attractive Peperomia species for your garden, consider more common varieties that won’t put additional pressure on wild populations. Save the rare ones for serious conservation efforts.

The Bottom Line

The Molokai peperomia represents something precious: a unique piece of Hawaii’s natural heritage that’s hanging on in small numbers. While it might not be the flashiest garden plant, it carries the weight of evolutionary history and the responsibility of conservation. If you choose to grow it, do so with respect, proper sourcing, and an understanding that you’re helping preserve a small but important piece of our planet’s biodiversity.

Sometimes the most meaningful plants in our gardens aren’t the showiest ones – they’re the ones that connect us to something larger than ourselves.

Molokai Peperomia

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Magnoliidae

Order

Piperales

Family

Piperaceae Giseke - Pepper family

Genus

Peperomia Ruiz & Pav. - peperomia

Species

Peperomia alternifolia Yunck. - Molokai peperomia

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA