North America Native Plant

Mokulei Rosemallow

Botanical name: Hibiscus brackenridgei mokuleianus

USDA symbol: HIBRM

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: shrub

Native status: Native to Hawaii  

Synonyms: Hibiscus brackenridgei A. Gray var. mokuleianus M.J. Roe (HIBRM4)   

Mokulei Rosemallow: Hawaii’s Rare Native Treasure Worth Protecting If you’re passionate about Hawaiian native plants and conservation gardening, the Mokulei rosemallow (Hibiscus brackenridgei mokuleianus) deserves a spot on your must-know list. This isn’t just any hibiscus – it’s a critically rare subspecies of Hawaii’s official state flower, and growing it ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S1T1: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘ Subspecies or variety is critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘

Mokulei Rosemallow: Hawaii’s Rare Native Treasure Worth Protecting

If you’re passionate about Hawaiian native plants and conservation gardening, the Mokulei rosemallow (Hibiscus brackenridgei mokuleianus) deserves a spot on your must-know list. This isn’t just any hibiscus – it’s a critically rare subspecies of Hawaii’s official state flower, and growing it responsibly can make you part of an important conservation effort.

What Makes Mokulei Rosemallow Special?

The Mokulei rosemallow is a perennial shrub that’s endemic to Hawaii, meaning you won’t find it growing naturally anywhere else on Earth. As a member of the hibiscus family, it shares the classic beautiful yellow blooms that Hawaii’s state flower is famous for, but this particular variety has its own unique characteristics that make it stand out from its more common relatives.

This multi-stemmed woody plant typically grows as a shrub, usually staying under 13-16 feet tall, though it can sometimes grow taller or develop a single stem depending on environmental conditions. What makes it truly special isn’t just its beauty – it’s its incredible rarity.

A Plant on the Edge: Understanding Its Rarity

Important Conservation Note: The Mokulei rosemallow has a Global Conservation Status of S1T1, which means it’s critically imperiled. This isn’t a plant you’ll find at your local garden center, and that’s exactly why it needs our attention.

If you’re considering adding this plant to your garden, it’s crucial to source it responsibly. Only work with reputable native plant nurseries or conservation organizations that can provide ethically propagated specimens. Never collect plants from the wild – this could further threaten the species’ survival.

Where Does It Call Home?

This remarkable plant is found exclusively in Hawaii, where it grows as part of the islands’ unique native ecosystem. Its limited geographic distribution is part of what makes it so vulnerable and so precious to Hawaii’s natural heritage.

Why Grow Mokulei Rosemallow?

Despite its rarity – or perhaps because of it – there are compelling reasons to consider this plant:

  • Conservation Impact: By growing responsibly sourced plants, you’re helping preserve genetic diversity and supporting conservation efforts
  • Cultural Significance: You’re cultivating a piece of Hawaiian heritage and helping maintain the connection to the islands’ state flower
  • Unique Beauty: The classic yellow hibiscus blooms are stunning and authentically Hawaiian
  • Pollinator Support: These flowers provide nectar for both native Hawaiian pollinators and other beneficial insects
  • Educational Value: It’s a conversation starter about conservation and Hawaiian ecology

Growing Conditions and Care

If you’re fortunate enough to obtain responsibly sourced Mokulei rosemallow, here’s what it needs to thrive:

Climate Requirements

This is a tropical plant suited for USDA hardiness zones 10-11. If you’re outside these zones, you’ll need to grow it in containers and bring it indoors during colder months.

Ideal Growing Conditions

  • Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade
  • Soil: Well-draining soil is essential – hibiscus plants hate soggy feet
  • Water: Regular watering, but allow soil to dry slightly between waterings
  • Protection: Shield from strong winds that can damage the stems and flowers

Care Tips

  • Prune lightly after flowering to maintain shape and encourage new growth
  • Mulch around the base to retain moisture and suppress weeds
  • Watch for common hibiscus pests like aphids and scale insects
  • Feed with a balanced fertilizer during the growing season

Perfect for Conservation Gardens

The Mokulei rosemallow is ideal for Hawaiian native plant gardens, conservation-focused landscapes, and tropical gardens where preservation of rare species is a priority. It pairs beautifully with other native Hawaiian plants and can serve as a focal point in a conservation collection.

The Bottom Line

The Mokulei rosemallow isn’t a plant for casual gardening – it’s a plant with a mission. If you have the opportunity to grow this critically rare Hawaiian native, you’re not just adding beauty to your garden; you’re becoming a steward of Hawaii’s natural heritage. Just remember: only source plants responsibly, never from the wild, and consider yourself lucky to be part of conservation efforts for this remarkable species.

By choosing to grow rare native plants like the Mokulei rosemallow, you’re helping ensure that future generations will have the chance to appreciate these unique treasures of the Hawaiian islands.

Mokulei Rosemallow

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Dilleniidae

Order

Malvales

Family

Malvaceae Juss. - Mallow family

Genus

Hibiscus L. - rosemallow

Species

Hibiscus brackenridgei A. Gray - Brackenridge's rosemallow

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA