North America Native Plant

Milkflower Willowherb

Botanical name: Epilobium lactiflorum

USDA symbol: EPLA3

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Alaska âš˜ Native to Canada âš˜ Native to Greenland âš˜ Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Epilobium alpinum L. var. lactiflorum (Hausskn.) C.L. Hitchc. (EPALL2)  âš˜  Epilobium hornemannii Rchb. var. lactiflorum (Hausskn.) D. Löve (EPHOL)   

Milkflower Willowherb: A Delicate Native for Cool Climate Gardens If you’re looking for a charming native wildflower that thrives in cooler climates and moist conditions, milkflower willowherb (Epilobium lactiflorum) might be exactly what your garden needs. This delicate perennial brings understated beauty to alpine gardens and naturalized spaces while supporting ...

Milkflower Willowherb: A Delicate Native for Cool Climate Gardens

If you’re looking for a charming native wildflower that thrives in cooler climates and moist conditions, milkflower willowherb (Epilobium lactiflorum) might be exactly what your garden needs. This delicate perennial brings understated beauty to alpine gardens and naturalized spaces while supporting local wildlife.

What Is Milkflower Willowherb?

Milkflower willowherb is a native North American perennial forb that belongs to the evening primrose family. As a forb, it’s an herbaceous plant without woody stems, making it perfect for adding soft texture to garden beds. This hardy little plant produces small, four-petaled flowers that range from white to pale pink, creating a gentle carpet of color in suitable growing conditions.

Where It Grows Naturally

This native beauty has an impressive natural range across North America. You’ll find milkflower willowherb growing wild from Alaska down through the western mountains, across northern states, and into parts of Canada including Alberta, British Columbia, Quebec, and the northern territories. It’s also native to Greenland, showcasing its cold-climate preferences.

The plant naturally occurs in states including Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Maine, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming, along with several Canadian provinces.

Why Grow Milkflower Willowherb?

There are several compelling reasons to consider adding this native plant to your landscape:

  • Native plant benefits: Supporting local ecosystems by choosing indigenous species
  • Pollinator support: Attracts beneficial insects including small bees, flies, and butterflies
  • Low maintenance: Once established, requires minimal care
  • Wetland tolerance: Thrives in moist conditions where other plants struggle
  • Cold hardy: Perfect for northern gardeners dealing with harsh winters

Garden Uses and Design Role

Milkflower willowherb works beautifully in several garden settings:

  • Alpine and rock gardens: Its natural mountain habitat makes it ideal for elevated, well-draining spots
  • Native plant gardens: A perfect addition to indigenous plant collections
  • Wetland margins: Thrives along pond edges, stream banks, or in bog gardens
  • Naturalized areas: Great for wild garden spaces and meadow plantings
  • Ground cover: Forms gentle carpets in suitable conditions

Growing Conditions

Success with milkflower willowherb comes from understanding its natural preferences:

  • Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade
  • Soil: Moist to wet conditions; tolerates poor soils
  • Water: Consistent moisture is key – don’t let it dry out completely
  • Climate: Prefers cool climates; USDA hardiness zones 2-7
  • Wetland status: Classified as Facultative Wetland meaning it usually grows in wet areas but can adapt to drier conditions

Planting and Care Tips

Getting milkflower willowherb established is relatively straightforward:

  • Timing: Plant in spring after the last frost or in early fall
  • Soil preparation: Ensure good moisture retention; amend heavy clay if drainage is completely blocked
  • Watering: Keep consistently moist, especially during establishment
  • Maintenance: Very low maintenance once established; may self-seed in ideal conditions
  • Winter care: Extremely cold hardy; no special winter protection needed in suitable zones

Is This Plant Right for Your Garden?

Milkflower willowherb is an excellent choice if you:

  • Garden in USDA zones 2-7
  • Have consistently moist soil conditions
  • Want to support native pollinators
  • Prefer low-maintenance plants
  • Are creating alpine, rock, or native plant gardens

However, it might not be the best fit if you have very dry conditions, live in hot southern climates, or prefer showy, large flowers.

For northern gardeners looking to add native charm to moist, cool spots in their landscape, milkflower willowherb offers delicate beauty with minimal fuss. Its ability to thrive where many other plants struggle makes it a valuable addition to challenging garden spots, while its native status ensures you’re supporting local ecosystems with every bloom.

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Alaska

FACW

Facultative Wetland - Plants with this status usually occurs in wetlands but may occur in non-wetlands

Arid West

FACW

Facultative Wetland - Plants with this status usually occurs in wetlands but may occur in non-wetlands

Great Plains

FACW

Facultative Wetland - Plants with this status usually occurs in wetlands but may occur in non-wetlands

Northcentral & Northeast

FACW

Facultative Wetland - Plants with this status usually occurs in wetlands but may occur in non-wetlands

Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast

FACW

Facultative Wetland - Plants with this status usually occurs in wetlands but may occur in non-wetlands

Milkflower Willowherb

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Myrtales

Family

Onagraceae Juss. - Evening Primrose family

Genus

Epilobium L. - willowherb

Species

Epilobium lactiflorum Hausskn. - milkflower willowherb

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA