North America Native Plant

Mielichhofer’s Copper Moss

Botanical name: Mielichhoferia mielichhoferiana var. mielichhoferiana

USDA symbol: MIMIM2

Habit: nonvascular

Native status: Native to North America  

Synonyms: Mielichhoferia nitida Nees & Hornsch (MINI6)   

Mielichhofer’s Copper Moss: A Rare Mineral-Loving Native Have you ever stumbled upon a patch of moss that seemed to shimmer with an almost metallic glow? You might have discovered one of North America’s most fascinating and specialized mosses: Mielichhofer’s copper moss (Mielichhoferia mielichhoferiana var. mielichhoferiana). This remarkable little plant has ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S4T2T3: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Subspecies or variety is imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) ⚘ Subspecies or variety is vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. ⚘ Apparently Secure: Uncommon but not rare, and usually widespread. Possibly cause for longterm concern. Typically more than 100 occurrences in the state or more than 10,000 individuals ⚘

Mielichhofer’s Copper Moss: A Rare Mineral-Loving Native

Have you ever stumbled upon a patch of moss that seemed to shimmer with an almost metallic glow? You might have discovered one of North America’s most fascinating and specialized mosses: Mielichhofer’s copper moss (Mielichhoferia mielichhoferiana var. mielichhoferiana). This remarkable little plant has earned its name not just for its stunning copper-colored appearance, but for its unique relationship with mineral-rich soils.

What Makes This Moss Special?

Mielichhofer’s copper moss is what botanists call a copper moss – a group of mosses that specifically seek out areas with high concentrations of heavy metals, particularly copper. Unlike most plants that would struggle or die in such conditions, this hardy little moss actually thrives in environments that would be toxic to many other species. It’s like nature’s own little miner, indicating where mineral deposits might be found beneath the surface.

As a terrestrial moss, this species grows directly on solid surfaces rather than in regular soil. You’ll typically find it clinging to rocks, old wood, or other stable surfaces where mineral-rich water has deposited copper and other heavy metals over time.

Where to Find This Rare Beauty

This moss is native to North America, though its exact distribution patterns remain somewhat mysterious to researchers. What we do know is that it appears in scattered locations where the right geological conditions exist – areas with natural copper deposits or human-disturbed sites where metals have accumulated.

A Word About Rarity

Here’s something important to keep in mind: Mielichhofer’s copper moss has a Global Conservation Status that suggests it may be quite rare in many areas. This means if you’re lucky enough to spot it, you’re witnessing something truly special! Rather than trying to collect or disturb it, consider yourself a citizen scientist and simply observe and photograph this remarkable species in its natural habitat.

Identifying Mielichhofer’s Copper Moss

So how do you recognize this copper-loving moss when you see it? Here are the key features to look for:

  • Distinctive copper to bronze coloration, especially when mature
  • Small, compact growth form
  • Found specifically on mineral-rich substrates
  • Often grows in patches or small colonies
  • May have a slightly metallic sheen in good lighting

The moss gets its scientific name from Wilhelm Mielichhofer, a 19th-century botanist who contributed significantly to our understanding of European mosses. You might also encounter it under the synonym Mielichhoferia nitida in older botanical texts.

The Role in Your Garden Ecosystem

While you can’t exactly plant Mielichhofer’s copper moss in your garden like you would a flower, its presence (should you be fortunate enough to have appropriate conditions) indicates a unique and specialized ecosystem. These mosses:

  • Help stabilize soil and prevent erosion on challenging substrates
  • Create microhabitats for tiny invertebrates and other small organisms
  • Act as biological indicators of soil mineral content
  • Add subtle but striking visual interest with their unusual coloration

Can You Grow It?

The short answer is: probably not in a traditional sense. Mielichhofer’s copper moss requires very specific conditions – namely, substrates rich in copper and other heavy metals – that are difficult to replicate safely in home gardens. Unlike common garden mosses that you might encourage by creating humid, shady conditions, this species needs its specialized mineral-rich environment to survive.

If you have an area with naturally occurring mineral deposits or old mining activity (and appropriate safety precautions), the moss might appear on its own over time. But attempting to introduce it artificially would likely be unsuccessful and could potentially disturb existing populations.

Conservation and Respect

The best way to appreciate Mielichhofer’s copper moss is to learn to recognize it and respect it in its natural habitats. If you encounter it during hikes or explorations, take photos, make observations, and perhaps report your sighting to local naturalist groups or botanical surveys. Your observations could contribute valuable data about this understudied species.

Remember, the most beautiful gardens aren’t just those we plant and tend, but also the wild spaces we learn to recognize and protect. Mielichhofer’s copper moss reminds us that nature is full of specialists – organisms perfectly adapted to thrive in conditions that seem impossible to us. And sometimes, the most rewarding gardening experience is simply learning to see and appreciate the remarkable diversity that already exists around us.

Mielichhofer’s Copper Moss

Classification

Group

Moss

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom
Superdivision
Division

Bryophyta - Mosses

Subdivision

Musci

Class

Bryopsida - True mosses

Subclass

Bryidae

Order

Bryales

Family

Bryaceae Rchb.

Genus

Mielichhoferia Nees & Hornsch. - copper moss

Species

Mielichhoferia mielichhoferiana (Funck) Loeske - Mielichhof's copper moss

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA