North America Native Plant

Melanelia Lichen

Botanical name: Melanelia subelegantula

USDA symbol: MESU10

Habit: lichen

Native status: Native to North America  

Synonyms: Parmelia subelegantula Essl. (PASU19)   

Melanelia Lichen: A Fascinating Natural Garden Visitor You Can’t Plant If you’ve ever noticed peculiar gray-green patches growing on rocks or tree bark in your garden, you might have encountered the melanelia lichen (Melanelia subelegantula). But before you start wondering how to encourage more of these interesting organisms, here’s the ...

Melanelia Lichen: A Fascinating Natural Garden Visitor You Can’t Plant

If you’ve ever noticed peculiar gray-green patches growing on rocks or tree bark in your garden, you might have encountered the melanelia lichen (Melanelia subelegantula). But before you start wondering how to encourage more of these interesting organisms, here’s the plot twist: you can’t actually plant or cultivate lichens like traditional garden plants!

What Exactly Is Melanelia Lichen?

Melanelia subelegantula isn’t a plant at all – it’s a lichen, which is actually a fascinating partnership between a fungus and algae living together in perfect harmony. This collaborative duo creates those distinctive gray to brownish-gray patches you might spot around your outdoor spaces. The lichen forms circular to irregular patches with characteristic lobed margins that give it a somewhat leafy appearance.

You might also see this species referred to by its scientific synonym, Parmelia subelegantula, in older field guides and references.

Where Does This Lichen Call Home?

As a North American native, melanelia lichen has made itself at home primarily across western regions of the continent. You’ll typically find it thriving in montane and subalpine environments where the air is clean and conditions are just right for this slow-growing organism.

Is Melanelia Lichen Good for Your Garden?

Here’s where things get interesting! While you can’t plant melanelia lichen, its presence in your garden is actually a wonderful sign. Lichens are incredibly sensitive to air pollution, so spotting them around your property suggests you’ve got pretty clean air – congratulations!

These natural air quality indicators don’t compete with your garden plants or cause any harm. Instead, they quietly go about their business of slowly breaking down rock surfaces and contributing to soil formation over very long periods.

How to Identify Melanelia Lichen

Keep an eye out for these identifying features:

  • Gray to brownish-gray coloration
  • Foliose (leaf-like) growth pattern
  • Lobed margins that create an irregular edge
  • Circular to irregular patches
  • Typically found on rocks, tree bark, or occasionally soil
  • Flat, relatively thin appearance against its substrate

Why You Can’t Cultivate Lichens

Unlike your favorite perennials or shrubs, lichens have very specific requirements that make cultivation nearly impossible. They need just the right combination of clean air, specific moisture levels, appropriate pH conditions, and suitable substrates. Even slight changes in their environment can cause them to disappear.

Think of lichens as wild visitors rather than potential garden residents. They’ll show up when conditions are perfect and vanish when they’re not – and there’s really nothing you can do to influence this process.

Appreciating These Natural Wonders

Instead of trying to grow melanelia lichen, simply appreciate it when it appears naturally in your outdoor spaces. Consider it a living certificate of your area’s environmental health. If you’re lucky enough to have these lichens around your property, you can feel good knowing you’re in an area with relatively clean air.

The next time you spot those gray-green patches on a garden rock or tree trunk, take a moment to marvel at this ancient partnership between fungus and algae that’s been quietly thriving on Earth for millions of years. Now that’s what we call sustainable gardening – even if you’re not doing any of the work!

Melanelia Lichen

Classification

Group

Lichen

Kingdom

Fungi - Fungi

Subkingdom
Superdivision
Division

Ascomycota - Sac fungi

Subdivision
Class

Ascomycetes

Subclass
Order

Lecanorales

Family

Parmeliaceae F. Berchtold & J. Presl

Genus

Melanelia Essl. - melanelia lichen

Species

Melanelia subelegantula (Essl.) Essl. - melanelia lichen

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA