North America Native Plant

Meadow Bird’s-foot Trefoil

Botanical name: Lotus pinnatus

USDA symbol: LOPI2

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Canada âš˜ Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Hosackia pinnata (Hook.) Abrams (HOPI)   

Meadow Bird’s-Foot Trefoil: A Charming Native Wildflower for Wet Spots If you’ve been searching for a native plant that thrives in those tricky wet areas of your garden, let me introduce you to meadow bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus pinnatus). This delightful little perennial might not have the flashiest name, but it’s ...

Meadow Bird’s-Foot Trefoil: A Charming Native Wildflower for Wet Spots

If you’ve been searching for a native plant that thrives in those tricky wet areas of your garden, let me introduce you to meadow bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus pinnatus). This delightful little perennial might not have the flashiest name, but it’s a true gem for gardeners looking to support local ecosystems while adding cheerful blooms to challenging spots.

What Makes This Plant Special?

Meadow bird’s-foot trefoil is a native North American forb – that’s gardener-speak for a non-woody flowering plant. As a member of the legume family, it has the superpower of fixing nitrogen in the soil, essentially fertilizing itself and its neighbors. The plant produces clusters of small, bright yellow pea-like flowers that seem to dance above delicate, compound leaves made up of tiny leaflets.

You might also find this plant listed under its synonym Hosackia pinnata in older gardening references, so don’t be confused if you see both names floating around.

Where Does It Call Home?

This charming wildflower is native to the western regions of North America, naturally occurring in British Columbia, California, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. It’s perfectly adapted to the climate and growing conditions of these areas, making it an excellent choice for gardeners in the Pacific Northwest and California.

Perfect for Wet and Wild Spaces

Here’s where meadow bird’s-foot trefoil really shines: it’s classified as a facultative wetland plant in both the Arid West and Western Mountains regions. This means it absolutely loves wet feet and will happily grow in areas that stay moist or even flood seasonally. If you have that soggy corner of your yard where other plants sulk and struggle, this could be your answer!

The plant works beautifully in:

  • Native plant gardens and restoration projects
  • Wildflower meadows and naturalized areas
  • Rain gardens and bioswales
  • Pond edges and stream banks
  • Any low-lying area that stays consistently moist

Growing Conditions and Care

Meadow bird’s-foot trefoil is surprisingly easy-going once you understand its preferences. It thrives in USDA hardiness zones 6-9, making it suitable for most temperate western climates.

Light requirements: Full sun to partial shade – it’s quite adaptable

Soil needs: Moist to wet soils; tolerates clay and seasonal flooding

Water requirements: Consistent moisture is key – this isn’t a drought-tolerant plant

Planting and Maintenance Tips

Getting started with meadow bird’s-foot trefoil is refreshingly straightforward. The best approach is direct seeding in fall or early spring when natural moisture levels are higher. Simply scatter seeds over prepared soil and lightly rake them in.

Once established, this native requires minimal fuss. It’s a perennial, so it’ll return year after year, gradually spreading to form natural colonies. The plant essentially takes care of itself in suitable conditions, though you can help it along by ensuring consistent moisture during dry spells.

Wildlife and Pollinator Benefits

Like many members of the legume family, meadow bird’s-foot trefoil is a pollinator magnet. Its small yellow flowers attract native bees, beneficial insects, and other small pollinators throughout the growing season. The nectar and pollen provide important food sources, especially in wetland areas where flowering plants might be less common.

Is This Plant Right for Your Garden?

Meadow bird’s-foot trefoil is an excellent choice if you:

  • Want to support native wildlife and pollinators
  • Have consistently moist or wet areas to plant
  • Prefer low-maintenance, self-sustaining plants
  • Are creating a native plant garden or restoration project
  • Live within its natural range in western North America

However, it might not be the best fit if you have dry, well-draining soil or are looking for a showy specimen plant. This is more of a team player that works best as part of a diverse native plant community.

By choosing meadow bird’s-foot trefoil, you’re not just solving a wet-soil problem – you’re creating habitat, supporting pollinators, and celebrating the unique beauty of North American native plants. Sometimes the most rewarding garden choices are the ones that work with nature rather than against it.

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Arid West

FACW

Facultative Wetland - Plants with this status usually occurs in wetlands but may occur in non-wetlands

Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast

FACW

Facultative Wetland - Plants with this status usually occurs in wetlands but may occur in non-wetlands

Meadow Bird’s-foot Trefoil

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Fabales

Family

Fabaceae Lindl. - Pea family

Genus

Lotus L. - trefoil

Species

Lotus pinnatus Hook. - meadow bird's-foot trefoil

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA