North America Native Plant

Maxon’s Goldback Fern

Botanical name: Pentagramma triangularis maxonii

USDA symbol: PETRM

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Pityrogramma triangularis (Kaulf.) Maxon var. maxonii Weath. (PITRM)   

Maxon’s Goldback Fern: A Southwestern Native with Golden Appeal Meet one of the Southwest’s most distinctive native ferns – Maxon’s goldback fern (Pentagramma triangularis maxonii). This charming little fern might not be the first plant that comes to mind when you think of desert gardening, but it’s got a secret ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S5T3?: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Inexact rank: ⚘ Subspecies or variety is vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. ⚘ Secure: At very low or no risk of extinction in the jurisdiction due to a very extensive range, abundant populations or occurrences, with little to no concern from declines or threats. ⚘

Maxon’s Goldback Fern: A Southwestern Native with Golden Appeal

Meet one of the Southwest’s most distinctive native ferns – Maxon’s goldback fern (Pentagramma triangularis maxonii). This charming little fern might not be the first plant that comes to mind when you think of desert gardening, but it’s got a secret weapon that makes it absolutely captivating: golden undersides that shimmer like nature’s own treasure.

What Makes This Fern Special?

Maxon’s goldback fern is a perennial fern that belongs to a group of plants called forbs – essentially, it’s a vascular plant without woody tissue that dies back seasonally and regrows from underground structures. What sets this particular fern apart is the distinctive golden-yellow coating (called farina) that covers the undersides of its triangular fronds, giving it that goldback nickname.

This isn’t your typical woodland fern. As a native to the arid Southwest, it has evolved to thrive in conditions that would make most ferns throw in the towel – think rocky slopes, well-draining soils, and plenty of sunshine.

Where You’ll Find It in the Wild

Maxon’s goldback fern calls the southwestern United States home, naturally occurring in Arizona, California, New Mexico, and Utah. It’s perfectly adapted to the unique growing conditions of this region, making it an excellent choice for gardeners looking to embrace their local native flora.

A Word of Caution: Rarity Matters

Here’s something important to know: Maxon’s goldback fern has a conservation status of S5T3?, which indicates there may be some conservation concerns about this particular variety. If you’re interested in adding this beauty to your garden, it’s crucial to source your plants responsibly from reputable native plant nurseries that propagate rather than wild-collect their specimens.

Garden Benefits and Uses

While this fern won’t attract pollinators like flowering plants do (ferns reproduce via spores, not flowers), it offers several unique benefits to southwestern gardens:

  • Adds textural interest with its distinctive triangular fronds
  • Provides golden color contrast, especially when backlit
  • Requires minimal water once established
  • Thrives in rocky, well-draining conditions where other plants struggle
  • Supports local ecosystem biodiversity as a native species

Perfect Garden Settings

Maxon’s goldback fern shines in:

  • Rock gardens and xeriscapes
  • Native plant gardens
  • Mediterranean-style landscapes
  • Naturalistic plantings that mimic local habitats
  • Areas with challenging, well-draining soils

Growing Conditions and Care

This fern is surprisingly low-maintenance once you understand its needs:

Soil: Well-draining is absolutely essential – think rocky, sandy, or gravelly soils. Heavy clay or constantly moist conditions are a no-go.

Light: Partial shade to full sun – much more sun-tolerant than most ferns.

Water: Drought-tolerant once established, but appreciates occasional deep watering during extended dry periods.

Climate: Hardy in USDA zones 8-10, perfect for mild winter areas.

Planting and Care Tips

Getting started with Maxon’s goldback fern is refreshingly straightforward:

  • Plant in spring or fall when temperatures are moderate
  • Ensure excellent drainage – consider raised beds or slopes if your soil is heavy
  • Water regularly the first season to help establish roots, then back off
  • Avoid fertilizing – this fern is adapted to nutrient-poor soils
  • Allow natural leaf die-back in winter; new growth will emerge in spring

The Bottom Line

Maxon’s goldback fern is a wonderful choice for southwestern gardeners looking to add native character to their landscapes. Its unique golden undersides, drought tolerance, and low-maintenance nature make it a standout performer in the right conditions. Just remember to source your plants responsibly and give this special fern the well-draining conditions it craves. With proper care, you’ll be rewarded with a truly distinctive native that brings a touch of golden magic to your garden.

Maxon’s Goldback Fern

Classification

Group

Fern

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Pteridophyta - Ferns

Subdivision
Class

Filicopsida

Subclass
Order

Polypodiales

Family

Pteridaceae E.D.M. Kirchn. - Maidenhair Fern family

Genus

Pentagramma Yatsk., Windham & E. Wollenw. - goldback fern

Species

Pentagramma triangularis (Kaulf.) Yatsk., Windham & E. Wollenw. - goldback fern

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA