North America Native Plant

Maui Kihifern

Botanical name: Adenophorus montanus

USDA symbol: ADMO3

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Hawaii  

Synonyms: Adenophorus tamariscinus (Kaulf.) Hook. & Grev. var. montanus (Hillebr.) Bishop (ADTAM)   

Maui Kihifern: A Rare Hawaiian Treasure for Specialty Gardens Meet the Maui kihifern (Adenophorus montanus), one of Hawaii’s most delicate and enchanting native ferns. This tiny botanical jewel represents the unique flora that makes the Hawaiian Islands so special – and so worth protecting. What Makes This Fern Special? The ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S3T2?: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Inexact rank: ⚘ Subspecies or variety is imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) ⚘ Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘

Maui Kihifern: A Rare Hawaiian Treasure for Specialty Gardens

Meet the Maui kihifern (Adenophorus montanus), one of Hawaii’s most delicate and enchanting native ferns. This tiny botanical jewel represents the unique flora that makes the Hawaiian Islands so special – and so worth protecting.

What Makes This Fern Special?

The Maui kihifern is what botanists call a forb – essentially a non-woody perennial plant that stays relatively small and delicate throughout its life. Don’t let its modest size fool you, though. This little fern packs a big punch when it comes to charm and character.

With its fine, feathery fronds that create an almost moss-like appearance, the Maui kihifern brings an ethereal quality to any space. Its lacy texture and delicate form make it look like something straight out of a fairy garden.

Where Does It Call Home?

This fern is endemic to Hawaii, meaning you won’t find it growing naturally anywhere else on Earth. It’s primarily found on Maui and other Hawaiian islands, where it thrives in the unique microclimates that these volcanic landscapes provide.

A Word About Rarity

Here’s something important to know: the Maui kihifern has a conservation status of S3T2?, which indicates it’s quite rare and potentially vulnerable. This means if you’re considering adding this beauty to your garden, you’ll want to be extra responsible about sourcing.

Only purchase plants from reputable nurseries that propagate their specimens ethically and legally. Never collect from the wild – not only is this harmful to wild populations, but it’s also illegal in many areas.

Is This Fern Right for Your Garden?

The Maui kihifern is definitely not your average garden plant. It’s best suited for gardeners who:

  • Live in USDA hardiness zones 10-11 (or can provide greenhouse conditions)
  • Have experience with tropical or specialty plants
  • Can maintain consistent humidity and moisture
  • Appreciate unique, conversation-starter plants

This fern works beautifully in:

  • Shade gardens with high humidity
  • Rock gardens with protected microclimates
  • Tropical-themed landscapes
  • Specialized fern collections
  • Large terrariums or conservatories

Growing Your Maui Kihifern Successfully

If you’re up for the challenge, here’s what your Maui kihifern needs to thrive:

Light: Partial to full shade – think dappled sunlight or bright indirect light. Direct sun will quickly damage those delicate fronds.

Moisture: Consistent moisture is key, but not waterlogged conditions. The soil should feel like a wrung-out sponge – moist but not soggy.

Humidity: High humidity is essential. If you’re growing it indoors or in a dry climate, consider using a humidity tray or grouping it with other moisture-loving plants.

Soil: Well-draining, organic-rich soil that retains some moisture. A mix designed for ferns or tropical plants works well.

Air circulation: Good air movement helps prevent fungal issues while maintaining the humidity this fern craves.

The Bottom Line

The Maui kihifern is a special plant for special gardeners. Its rarity makes it a privilege to grow, and its beauty makes it worth the extra effort. If you can provide the right conditions and source your plant responsibly, you’ll have a unique piece of Hawaiian natural heritage gracing your garden.

Just remember – with great beauty comes great responsibility. This little fern is counting on gardeners like you to help preserve its future, one carefully tended plant at a time.

Maui Kihifern

Classification

Group

Fern

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Pteridophyta - Ferns

Subdivision
Class

Filicopsida

Subclass
Order

Polypodiales

Family

Grammitidaceae Newman - Kihi Fern family

Genus

Adenophorus Gaudich. - kihifern

Species

Adenophorus montanus (Hillebr.) W.H. Wagner - Maui kihifern

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA