North America Native Plant

Maui Geranium

Botanical name: Geranium hanaense

USDA symbol: GEHA

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: shrub

Native status: Native to Hawaii  

Maui Geranium: A Rare Hawaiian Treasure Worth Protecting Meet the Maui geranium (Geranium hanaense), one of Hawaii’s most precious and endangered native plants. This delicate beauty isn’t your typical garden geranium – it’s a rare Hawaiian endemic that’s fighting for survival in the wild. If you’re passionate about native plant ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: United States

Status: S1: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘ Endangered: In danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range. ⚘

Region: United States

Maui Geranium: A Rare Hawaiian Treasure Worth Protecting

Meet the Maui geranium (Geranium hanaense), one of Hawaii’s most precious and endangered native plants. This delicate beauty isn’t your typical garden geranium – it’s a rare Hawaiian endemic that’s fighting for survival in the wild. If you’re passionate about native plant conservation and have the right growing conditions, this extraordinary plant might just capture your heart.

What Makes Maui Geranium Special?

The Maui geranium is a perennial shrub that brings a touch of Hawaiian wilderness to any garden lucky enough to host it. Despite being called a geranium, it’s quite different from the common bedding plants you might know. This native Hawaiian species grows as a multi-stemmed woody plant, typically staying under 13-16 feet tall, with several stems emerging from near the ground.

What really sets this plant apart are its charming pink to purple flowers and deeply lobed, palmate leaves that create an almost fern-like texture. The overall effect is both delicate and wild – exactly what you’d expect from a plant that evolved in Hawaii’s misty mountain forests.

Where Does It Come From?

Geranium hanaense is endemic to Hawaii, meaning it exists nowhere else on Earth. More specifically, this rare beauty calls only the island of Maui home, where it grows naturally in the wet forests and bogs of Haleakala.

A Plant in Crisis

Important Conservation Note: Before we dive into growing tips, you need to know that the Maui geranium is critically endangered. It has a Global Conservation Status of S1, meaning it’s Critically Imperiled with typically five or fewer occurrences in the wild. In the United States, it’s listed as Endangered. This means if you’re considering growing this plant, you must only use responsibly sourced material from reputable native plant societies or conservation organizations – never collect from the wild.

Growing Conditions: Not for the Faint of Heart

Let’s be honest – growing Maui geranium is not for beginners. This plant has very specific needs that reflect its native habitat in Hawaii’s cool, misty mountain bogs:

  • Water requirements: As an obligate wetland plant, it needs consistently moist to wet soil – think bog conditions, not just regular watering
  • USDA Hardiness Zones: 10-11 only (this is a tropical plant through and through)
  • Light: Partial shade to filtered light
  • Humidity: High humidity is essential
  • Temperature: Cool, stable temperatures similar to its mountain habitat

Is It Right for Your Garden?

Maui geranium is perfect for:

  • Native Hawaiian plant collections
  • Bog gardens or wetland areas
  • Conservation-focused landscapes
  • Specialty gardens in tropical climates
  • Educational or botanical garden displays

However, this plant probably isn’t right for you if:

  • You live outside of USDA zones 10-11
  • You can’t provide consistently wet soil conditions
  • You’re looking for a low-maintenance plant
  • You want something that will spread or naturalize easily

Care Tips for Success

If you’re committed to growing this conservation treasure, here’s what you need to know:

  • Soil: Use a bog-like mix that stays consistently moist but doesn’t become stagnant
  • Watering: Keep soil wet year-round – consider setting up a drip irrigation system
  • Fertilizing: Use very light, organic fertilizers sparingly
  • Location: Choose a spot protected from strong winds and intense sun
  • Monitoring: Watch closely for signs of stress, as this plant can be sensitive to environmental changes

Supporting Conservation

Growing Maui geranium isn’t just about having a unique plant in your garden – it’s about participating in conservation. By cultivating responsibly sourced plants, you’re helping maintain genetic diversity outside of the wild populations and supporting conservation efforts.

If you’re interested in this remarkable plant, connect with native Hawaiian plant societies, botanical gardens with conservation programs, or organizations working specifically with endangered Hawaiian flora. They can provide properly sourced plants and valuable growing advice from people who really understand these special species.

The Bottom Line

Maui geranium is definitely not your average garden plant, but for dedicated native plant enthusiasts with the right conditions, it represents something truly special – a chance to help preserve a piece of Hawaii’s natural heritage. Just remember: with great rarity comes great responsibility. Only pursue this plant if you’re committed to conservation and can provide the specialized care it needs to thrive.

Maui Geranium

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Geraniales

Family

Geraniaceae Juss. - Geranium family

Genus

Geranium L. - geranium

Species

Geranium hanaense Medeiros & H. St. John - Maui geranium

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA