North America Native Plant

Masson’s Adder’s-mouth Orchid

Botanical name: Malaxis massonii

USDA symbol: MAMA36

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Puerto Rico  

Masson’s Adder’s-Mouth Orchid: A Rare Puerto Rican Native Worth Knowing Meet Masson’s adder’s-mouth orchid (Malaxis massonii), a fascinating little native orchid that calls Puerto Rico home. While you might not find this perennial beauty at your local garden center, it’s worth learning about this unique member of Puerto Rico’s native ...

Masson’s Adder’s-Mouth Orchid: A Rare Puerto Rican Native Worth Knowing

Meet Masson’s adder’s-mouth orchid (Malaxis massonii), a fascinating little native orchid that calls Puerto Rico home. While you might not find this perennial beauty at your local garden center, it’s worth learning about this unique member of Puerto Rico’s native flora—even if growing it successfully might be more challenging than you’d expect.

What Makes This Orchid Special?

Masson’s adder’s-mouth orchid belongs to a group of plants called forbs—basically, that means it’s a soft-stemmed perennial without woody growth, quite different from the showy epiphytic orchids you might picture. Like many members of the Malaxis genus, this ground-dwelling orchid tends to be rather modest in appearance, with small, inconspicuous flowers that might not grab attention from across the garden but reward close observation with their intricate details.

Where You’ll Find It (Or Won’t)

This orchid is endemic to Puerto Rico, meaning it naturally occurs nowhere else in the world. It’s part of the island’s unique botanical heritage, having evolved in the specific conditions found in Puerto Rican ecosystems.

Should You Try Growing It?

Here’s where we need to have an honest conversation. While Masson’s adder’s-mouth orchid is undoubtedly a special plant worthy of conservation, it’s probably not the best choice for most home gardeners, even those in tropical climates. Here’s why:

  • Very limited availability – you’re unlikely to find it commercially
  • Specialized growing requirements typical of native tropical orchids
  • Potential conservation concerns due to its limited range
  • Requires expertise in orchid cultivation

Growing Conditions (For the Specialists)

If you’re an experienced orchid grower in USDA zones 10b-11 (or similar tropical conditions), this species would likely need:

  • Conditions mimicking Puerto Rican forest floors
  • High humidity and consistent moisture
  • Filtered light, not direct sun
  • Well-draining but moisture-retentive growing medium
  • Protection from temperature extremes

Better Alternatives for Your Garden

Instead of trying to grow this rare specialist, consider these approaches:

  • Support conservation efforts for Puerto Rican native plants
  • Choose more readily available native orchids appropriate for your region
  • Create habitat that supports local native plant communities
  • Visit botanical gardens where rare species like this might be conserved

The Bottom Line

Masson’s adder’s-mouth orchid represents the incredible diversity of Puerto Rico’s native flora. While it might not be destined for your backyard garden, knowing about plants like this helps us appreciate the complexity and beauty of native ecosystems. Sometimes the best way to honor a rare native plant is to admire it from afar while supporting the conservation of its natural habitat.

If you’re passionate about native orchids, consider connecting with orchid societies, botanical gardens, or conservation organizations that work with rare native species. They can guide you toward appropriate ways to appreciate and support these botanical treasures.

Masson’s Adder’s-mouth Orchid

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Liliidae

Order

Orchidales

Family

Orchidaceae Juss. - Orchid family

Genus

Malaxis Sol. ex Sw. - adder's-mouth orchid

Species

Malaxis massonii (Ridley) Kuntze - Masson's adder's-mouth orchid

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA