North America Native Plant

Marsh Water-willow

Botanical name: Justicia comata

USDA symbol: JUCO7

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Puerto Rico  

Synonyms: Dianthera comata L. (DICO8)  âš˜  Stethoma comata (L.) Britton (STCO13)   

Marsh Water-Willow: A Rare Puerto Rican Wetland Native Worth Knowing If you’re passionate about native plants and wetland gardening, you might have stumbled across the intriguing marsh water-willow (Justicia comata). This lesser-known Puerto Rican native is a fascinating example of specialized wetland flora that deserves a spot in our gardening ...

Marsh Water-Willow: A Rare Puerto Rican Wetland Native Worth Knowing

If you’re passionate about native plants and wetland gardening, you might have stumbled across the intriguing marsh water-willow (Justicia comata). This lesser-known Puerto Rican native is a fascinating example of specialized wetland flora that deserves a spot in our gardening consciousness, even if it’s not destined for most home gardens.

What Is Marsh Water-Willow?

Marsh water-willow is a perennial forb—essentially a non-woody flowering plant that comes back year after year. Unlike its more famous cousin, American water-willow (Justicia americana), this species is endemic to Puerto Rico, making it a true Caribbean treasure. You might also see it listed under its scientific synonyms Dianthera comata or Stethoma comata in older botanical references.

Where Does It Call Home?

This specialized plant is found exclusively in Puerto Rico, where it has adapted to life in the island’s unique wetland ecosystems. As an obligate wetland species, marsh water-willow almost always occurs in consistently wet conditions—it’s essentially married to moisture and wouldn’t dream of living anywhere else.

Should You Grow Marsh Water-Willow?

Here’s where things get a bit tricky. While marsh water-willow is undoubtedly a fascinating native plant, it’s not exactly your typical garden center find. This species has very specific requirements that make it challenging for most home gardeners:

  • Wetland dependency: It needs consistently saturated soil conditions
  • Limited availability: Seeds or plants are extremely difficult to source
  • Specialized habitat: Requires conditions that mimic natural Puerto Rican wetlands
  • Geographic limitations: Best suited for tropical and subtropical climates

Who Might Consider Growing It?

Marsh water-willow could be perfect for:

  • Wetland restoration projects in Puerto Rico
  • Botanical gardens with specialized Caribbean collections
  • Serious native plant enthusiasts with pond or bog gardens in suitable climates
  • Conservation-minded gardeners participating in seed banking or preservation efforts

Growing Conditions and Care

If you’re determined to try growing this unique species, here’s what it likely needs based on its natural habitat:

  • Moisture: Consistently wet to saturated soil—think bog garden or pond edge
  • Climate: Warm, tropical conditions similar to Puerto Rico
  • Soil: Rich, organic wetland soils
  • Light: Likely partial sun to partial shade (though specific requirements aren’t well documented)

The Reality Check

Let’s be honest—marsh water-willow isn’t going to be the star of most backyard gardens. Its highly specialized needs and extremely limited availability make it more of a conservation curiosity than a practical landscaping choice. If you’re interested in water-loving native plants for your garden, you might have better luck with more widely available species suited to your local area.

Conservation Importance

While it might not be practical for home cultivation, marsh water-willow plays an important role in Puerto Rico’s wetland ecosystems. These types of endemic species are crucial for maintaining biodiversity and supporting local wildlife communities. By learning about plants like this one, we develop a deeper appreciation for the incredible diversity of native flora and the importance of protecting natural habitats.

The Bottom Line

Marsh water-willow is a fascinating example of how plants adapt to specific environments, but it’s definitely not for the casual gardener. If you’re passionate about Puerto Rican native plants or wetland conservation, this species is worth knowing about and supporting through habitat preservation. For everyone else, it’s a reminder of the incredible diversity of native plants waiting to be discovered and appreciated—even if from afar.

Sometimes the most valuable plants in our native flora aren’t the ones we can easily grow in our backyards, but the ones that teach us about the intricate relationships between plants and their natural habitats.

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Caribbean

OBL

Obligate Wetland - Plants with this status almost always occurs in wetlands

Marsh Water-willow

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Scrophulariales

Family

Acanthaceae Juss. - Acanthus family

Genus

Justicia L. - water-willow

Species

Justicia comata (L.) Lam. - marsh water-willow

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA