North America Native Plant

Maroonspot Calicoflower

Botanical name: Downingia concolor var. tricolor

USDA symbol: DOCOT

Life cycle: annual

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Maroonspot Calicoflower: A Jewel of California’s Vernal Pools Meet the maroonspot calicoflower (Downingia concolor var. tricolor), a tiny but spectacular wildflower that’s as unique as its name suggests. This little California native is like the unicorn of the wildflower world – beautiful, rare, and with some pretty specific needs that ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S4T1?: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Inexact rank: ⚘ Subspecies or variety is critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘ Apparently Secure: Uncommon but not rare, and usually widespread. Possibly cause for longterm concern. Typically more than 100 occurrences in the state or more than 10,000 individuals ⚘

Maroonspot Calicoflower: A Jewel of California’s Vernal Pools

Meet the maroonspot calicoflower (Downingia concolor var. tricolor), a tiny but spectacular wildflower that’s as unique as its name suggests. This little California native is like the unicorn of the wildflower world – beautiful, rare, and with some pretty specific needs that make it both fascinating and challenging for home gardeners.

What Makes This Flower Special?

The maroonspot calicoflower is an annual forb, meaning it completes its entire life cycle in just one growing season. Don’t let the term forb intimidate you – it’s simply a fancy way of saying it’s a non-woody flowering plant. What makes this particular flower a showstopper is its distinctive appearance: delicate blue and white blooms adorned with characteristic maroon spots that give it its common name.

This isn’t your typical garden-variety wildflower. As a native species exclusive to the lower 48 states, specifically California, it has evolved to thrive in one of nature’s most unique ecosystems: vernal pools.

Where Does It Call Home?

Downingia concolor var. tricolor grows exclusively in California, where it has adapted to the state’s distinctive Mediterranean climate and specialized seasonal wetland habitats. These remarkable plants are closely tied to California’s vernal pool ecosystems – temporary pools that fill with winter rains and gradually dry out as spring progresses.

A Word of Caution: Rarity Matters

Before you start planning your maroonspot calicoflower garden, there’s something important to know: this variety has a Global Conservation Status of S4T1?, which indicates its conservation status is currently undefined but potentially of concern. This means if you’re interested in growing this special plant, you’ll need to source it responsibly from reputable native plant suppliers who propagate rather than wild-collect their stock.

Is This the Right Plant for Your Garden?

Here’s where things get interesting – and a bit challenging. The maroonspot calicoflower isn’t your typical backyard flower. It’s evolved for a very specific lifestyle that revolves around seasonal flooding and complete summer drought. Unless you’re planning a specialized vernal pool garden or involved in habitat restoration, this might not be the easiest plant to accommodate.

Consider growing maroonspot calicoflower if you:

  • Live in California within its natural range (USDA zones 8-10)
  • Are creating a vernal pool garden or seasonal wetland feature
  • Are passionate about rare California natives
  • Have experience with specialized native plant cultivation
  • Are involved in habitat restoration projects

This might not be the best choice if you:

  • Want a low-maintenance garden flower
  • Live outside of California
  • Prefer plants that bloom for extended periods
  • Don’t have the ability to create seasonal wet-dry cycles

Growing Conditions: It’s All About Timing

If you’re up for the challenge, understanding this plant’s natural habitat is key to success. In the wild, maroonspot calicoflower seeds germinate in winter when seasonal rains fill vernal pools. The plants grow rapidly through spring, flower, set seed, and then complete their life cycle as the pools dry out completely in summer.

To replicate these conditions in cultivation, you’ll need to provide:

  • Clay or clay-loam soils that hold water but drain completely
  • Full sun exposure
  • Seasonal flooding from late fall through early spring
  • Complete drying during summer months
  • Cool, moist germination conditions in winter

Planting and Care Tips

Growing maroonspot calicoflower successfully requires mimicking nature’s seasonal rhythms:

Fall/Winter: Sow seeds in prepared clay-based soil when winter rains begin. Seeds need cool, moist conditions to germinate and won’t sprout without this winter chill and moisture period.

Spring: Maintain consistent moisture as plants establish and begin blooming. This is when you’ll see those gorgeous maroon-spotted flowers that make the effort worthwhile.

Summer: Allow the area to dry completely as plants set seed and die back. This summer drought period is crucial for the next generation of seeds.

Supporting Wildlife

While specific wildlife benefits for this variety aren’t well-documented, Downingia species generally attract small native bees and other specialized pollinators that have co-evolved with vernal pool ecosystems. By growing this plant, you’re supporting these often-overlooked but crucial pollinators.

The Bottom Line

Maroonspot calicoflower is definitely not your average garden flower, but for the right gardener in the right location, it can be an incredibly rewarding plant to grow. It’s perfect for those passionate about California native plants, vernal pool ecosystems, or habitat restoration projects. Just remember to source your plants or seeds responsibly, and be prepared for a gardening adventure that follows nature’s own seasonal script.

If you’re looking for easier California natives with similar charm, consider exploring other annual wildflowers like baby blue eyes (Nemophila menziesii) or California poppies (Eschscholzia californica) that offer stunning blooms with more forgiving growing requirements.

Maroonspot Calicoflower

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Campanulales

Family

Campanulaceae Juss. - Bellflower family

Genus

Downingia Torr. - calicoflower

Species

Downingia concolor Greene - maroonspot calicoflower

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA