North America Native Plant

Maritime Quillwort

Botanical name: Isoetes maritima

USDA symbol: ISMA3

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: grass

Native status: Native to Alaska ⚘ Native to Canada ⚘ Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Isoetes echinospora Durieu var. maritima (Underw.) A.A. Eaton (ISECM3)  ⚘  Isoetes echinospora Durieu ssp. maritima (Underw.) Á. Löve (ISECM4)  ⚘  Isoetes muricata Durieu ssp. maritima (Underw.) Hultén (ISMUM2)   

Maritime Quillwort: A Unique Aquatic Native for Specialized Gardens If you’ve ever wondered about those mysterious, grass-like plants growing at the edges of northern ponds and lakes, you might have encountered the maritime quillwort (Isoetes maritima). This fascinating little native isn’t your typical garden plant, but it’s certainly worth knowing ...

Maritime Quillwort: A Unique Aquatic Native for Specialized Gardens

If you’ve ever wondered about those mysterious, grass-like plants growing at the edges of northern ponds and lakes, you might have encountered the maritime quillwort (Isoetes maritima). This fascinating little native isn’t your typical garden plant, but it’s certainly worth knowing about – especially if you’re interested in creating authentic wetland habitats or bog gardens.

What Exactly Is Maritime Quillwort?

Despite its grass-like appearance, maritime quillwort isn’t actually a grass at all. It’s what botanists call a quillwort – an ancient type of plant that’s more closely related to ferns than to typical garden plants. These perennial aquatic plants have been around for millions of years, making them living fossils in our modern landscapes.

Maritime quillwort forms small rosettes of narrow, needle-like leaves that emerge from muddy or sandy substrates in shallow water. The leaves are typically 2-8 inches long and have a distinctive quill-like appearance that gives the plant its common name.

Where You’ll Find This Native Treasure

This hardy native calls some pretty impressive places home. Maritime quillwort is native to Alaska, western Canada (including Alberta and British Columbia), and extends into the northwestern United States, particularly Washington state. It’s also found in the Yukon Territory, thriving in the challenging conditions of northern climates.

Is Maritime Quillwort Right for Your Garden?

Here’s where things get interesting – and a bit challenging. Maritime quillwort is what we call an obligate wetland plant, which means it almost always occurs in wetlands and requires very specific growing conditions to survive.

Consider maritime quillwort if you have:

  • A bog garden or constructed wetland
  • Pond margins with shallow, muddy areas
  • A passion for native plant conservation
  • Experience with specialized aquatic plants
  • A location in USDA hardiness zones 2-6

Skip this plant if:

  • You’re looking for showy flowers or colorful foliage
  • You want a low-maintenance garden plant
  • You don’t have consistently wet growing conditions
  • You live in a warm climate

Growing Conditions and Care

If you’re determined to work with this unique native, you’ll need to replicate its natural habitat pretty closely. Maritime quillwort thrives in:

  • Moisture: Saturated soils or shallow standing water (1-6 inches deep)
  • Soil: Sandy or muddy substrates, often with some organic matter
  • Light: Full sun to partial shade
  • Temperature: Cool to cold climates (zones 2-6)
  • pH: Typically prefers slightly acidic to neutral conditions

The Reality Check: Why Most Gardeners Should Admire from Afar

Let’s be honest – maritime quillwort isn’t going to win any beauty contests in the traditional garden sense. It doesn’t produce showy flowers (it reproduces via spores), and its subtle charm is easily overlooked. Plus, it requires very specific conditions that most home gardeners simply can’t provide.

However, if you’re involved in wetland restoration, have a specialized bog garden, or are passionate about preserving native plant communities, maritime quillwort can be a valuable addition to authentic northern wetland plantings.

Identification Tips

If you encounter maritime quillwort in the wild, here’s how to identify it:

  • Look for small rosettes of narrow, needle-like leaves
  • Leaves are typically 2-8 inches long and emerge directly from the substrate
  • Found in shallow water or saturated soils
  • No visible flowers – reproduction occurs via spores
  • Often grows alongside other wetland plants like sedges and rushes

The Bottom Line

Maritime quillwort is a fascinating piece of our natural heritage, but it’s definitely a specialist plant for specialist situations. Unless you’re creating a bog garden, working on wetland restoration, or have very specific aquatic gardening goals, you’re probably better off appreciating this unique native in its natural habitat.

For most gardeners interested in native plants, consider more garden-friendly wetland natives like native sedges, rushes, or wetland wildflowers that can provide similar ecological benefits with less demanding growing requirements.

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Alaska

OBL

Obligate Wetland - Plants with this status almost always occurs in wetlands

Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast

OBL

Obligate Wetland - Plants with this status almost always occurs in wetlands

Maritime Quillwort

Classification

Group

Quillwort

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Lycopodiophyta - Lycopods

Subdivision
Class

Lycopodiopsida

Subclass
Order

Isoetales

Family

Isoetaceae Dumort. - Quillwort family

Genus

Isoetes L. - quillwort

Species

Isoetes maritima Underw. - maritime quillwort

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA