North America Native Plant

Map Lichen

Botanical name: Rhizocarpon simillimum

USDA symbol: RHSI2

Habit: lichen

Native status: Native to North America  

Map Lichen: The Fascinating Rock Artist in Your Garden Have you ever noticed intricate, map-like patterns etched across rocks in your yard and wondered what created these natural works of art? Meet the map lichen (Rhizocarpon simillimum), a remarkable organism that’s probably been quietly decorating your stone surfaces for years ...

Map Lichen: The Fascinating Rock Artist in Your Garden

Have you ever noticed intricate, map-like patterns etched across rocks in your yard and wondered what created these natural works of art? Meet the map lichen (Rhizocarpon simillimum), a remarkable organism that’s probably been quietly decorating your stone surfaces for years without you even realizing it!

What Exactly Is Map Lichen?

Map lichen isn’t actually a plant at all – it’s a fascinating partnership between fungi and algae working together as one organism. This crusty, slow-growing lichen gets its common name from the striking black lines that crisscross its grayish surface, creating patterns that look remarkably like the boundaries on a topographic map.

As a native species to North America, map lichen has been quietly colonizing rocks across the continent for centuries. You’ll find it naturally occurring throughout northern regions and mountainous areas, where it thrives in the cool, clean air.

Is Map Lichen Good for Your Garden?

While you can’t exactly plant map lichen like you would a flower, its presence in your garden is actually a wonderful sign! Here’s why you should appreciate these tiny rock decorators:

  • They’re excellent air quality indicators – map lichens are sensitive to pollution, so their presence means you have clean air
  • They add subtle, natural texture and visual interest to rock features, stone walls, and boulders
  • They’re completely harmless to other plants and won’t compete with your garden favorites
  • They contribute to the ecosystem by slowly breaking down rock surfaces and creating soil over very long periods

How to Identify Map Lichen

Spotting map lichen is easier than you might think once you know what to look for:

  • Look for circular or irregular patches on rock surfaces, typically 1-4 inches across
  • The surface appears crusty and firmly attached to the rock
  • Distinctive black lines create a network pattern resembling map boundaries
  • The background color is usually light gray to whitish
  • Growth is extremely slow – patches may take decades to reach full size

Creating Lichen-Friendly Conditions

While you can’t plant map lichen directly, you can encourage its natural appearance by:

  • Maintaining good air quality around your property
  • Leaving rock surfaces undisturbed and uncoated
  • Avoiding chemical treatments on stone features
  • Providing some moisture – lichens absorb water directly from rain and humidity
  • Ensuring rocks get indirect light rather than harsh, constant sun

The Bottom Line

Map lichen is one of those quiet garden inhabitants that asks for nothing but gives back in subtle ways. If you spot these natural artists on your rocks, consider yourself lucky – you’re witnessing one of nature’s most patient and persistent collaborations. Rather than trying to remove them, embrace these living maps as signs of a healthy environment and enjoy the unique character they bring to your outdoor spaces.

Next time you’re walking through your garden, take a moment to appreciate the intricate patterns these remarkable organisms create. They may not bloom with colorful flowers, but their understated beauty and environmental benefits make them worthy of recognition in any nature-loving gardener’s landscape.

Map Lichen

Classification

Group

Lichen

Kingdom

Fungi - Fungi

Subkingdom
Superdivision
Division

Ascomycota - Sac fungi

Subdivision
Class

Ascomycetes

Subclass
Order

Lecanorales

Family

Rhizocarpaceae M. Choisy ex Hafellner

Genus

Rhizocarpon Ramond ex DC. - map lichen

Species

Rhizocarpon simillimum (Anzi) Lettau - map lichen

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA