North America Native Plant

Map Lichen

Botanical name: Rhizocarpon polycarpoides

USDA symbol: RHPO4

Habit: lichen

Native status: Native to North America  

Map Lichen: The Natural Rock Artist in Your Garden Have you ever noticed those fascinating crusty patches on rocks that look like tiny aerial maps? Meet the map lichen (Rhizocarpon polycarpoides), one of nature’s most distinctive rock-dwelling organisms that might already be decorating the stone surfaces in your landscape! What ...

Map Lichen: The Natural Rock Artist in Your Garden

Have you ever noticed those fascinating crusty patches on rocks that look like tiny aerial maps? Meet the map lichen (Rhizocarpon polycarpoides), one of nature’s most distinctive rock-dwelling organisms that might already be decorating the stone surfaces in your landscape!

What Exactly Is Map Lichen?

Map lichen isn’t actually a plant at all – it’s a fascinating partnership between a fungus and algae working together as one organism. This native North American species gets its common name from its distinctive appearance: it forms crusty, map-like patches on rock surfaces with polygonal sections separated by dark boundary lines that really do resemble the borders on a geographic map.

Where You’ll Find Map Lichen

This hardy little organism is widely distributed across North America, particularly thriving in mountainous and northern regions where the air is clean and conditions are just right. You’re most likely to spot it on exposed rock surfaces, from natural stone outcrops to that old stone wall in your backyard.

Is Map Lichen Beneficial for Your Garden?

While you can’t exactly plant map lichen like you would a flower or shrub, its presence in your garden is actually a wonderful sign! Here’s why map lichen is a garden asset:

  • Acts as a natural air quality indicator – it only thrives in clean environments
  • Contributes to the slow process of soil formation by gradually breaking down rock surfaces
  • Adds unique texture and visual interest to rock features
  • Requires absolutely no maintenance or care from you
  • Provides habitat for tiny invertebrates

How to Identify Map Lichen

Spotting map lichen is like finding nature’s own artwork! Look for these distinctive features:

  • Crusty, flat patches that seem glued to rock surfaces
  • Distinctive polygonal sections (areoles) that create a map-like pattern
  • Dark lines separating the lighter-colored sections
  • Colors ranging from gray-green to yellowish or brownish
  • Typically found on hard rock surfaces rather than loose stones

Creating Lichen-Friendly Conditions

While you can’t plant map lichen, you can certainly encourage its natural establishment by creating the right conditions:

  • Maintain clean air around your property (avoid excessive pollution or chemical spraying)
  • Include natural stone features like rock walls or boulder arrangements
  • Allow rock surfaces to remain undisturbed
  • Ensure good air circulation around stone features

The Bottom Line

Map lichen is one of those wonderful garden inhabitants that asks for nothing but gives back plenty in terms of natural beauty and ecological value. If you’re lucky enough to have it growing on rocks in your landscape, consider yourself blessed with a living indicator of environmental health. And if you don’t see it yet? Be patient – these slow-growing organisms might just surprise you by appearing on their own when conditions are right!

Remember, the presence of lichens like map lichen is a sign of a healthy, balanced ecosystem. So the next time you’re walking around your garden, take a moment to appreciate these amazing organisms that are quietly doing their part to make your outdoor space more diverse and interesting.

Map Lichen

Classification

Group

Lichen

Kingdom

Fungi - Fungi

Subkingdom
Superdivision
Division

Ascomycota - Sac fungi

Subdivision
Class

Ascomycetes

Subclass
Order

Lecanorales

Family

Rhizocarpaceae M. Choisy ex Hafellner

Genus

Rhizocarpon Ramond ex DC. - map lichen

Species

Rhizocarpon polycarpoides Degel. - map lichen

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA