North America Native Plant

Map Lichen

Botanical name: Rhizocarpon intermediellum

USDA symbol: RHIN61

Habit: lichen

Native status: Native to North America  

Map Lichen: A Natural Rock Artist You Can’t Grow (But Should Appreciate) Have you ever noticed those crusty, grayish patches with intricate black lines spreading across rocks like tiny road maps? Meet the map lichen (Rhizocarpon intermediellum), one of nature’s most fascinating slow-growing artists that’s been quietly decorating North American ...

Map Lichen: A Natural Rock Artist You Can’t Grow (But Should Appreciate)

Have you ever noticed those crusty, grayish patches with intricate black lines spreading across rocks like tiny road maps? Meet the map lichen (Rhizocarpon intermediellum), one of nature’s most fascinating slow-growing artists that’s been quietly decorating North American mountainsides for centuries.

What Exactly Is Map Lichen?

Before we dive in, let’s clear up what we’re dealing with here. Map lichen isn’t actually a plant at all—it’s a lichen! Lichens are remarkable organisms that represent a partnership between fungi and algae, working together in perfect harmony. The map lichen gets its name from the distinctive black lines that crisscross its grayish surface, creating patterns that look remarkably like the borders on old-fashioned maps.

This particular species is native to North America, where it has been quietly going about its business of breaking down rocks and adding character to the landscape for thousands of years.

Can You Grow Map Lichen in Your Garden?

Here’s where we need to manage expectations: you absolutely cannot cultivate map lichen in your garden. This isn’t a case of being difficult to grow—it’s literally impossible to transplant or encourage in a typical garden setting. Map lichens are wild organisms that require very specific conditions including:

  • Acidic rock surfaces (usually granite or similar stone)
  • Extremely clean air free from pollution
  • Cool, often alpine conditions
  • Decades or even centuries to establish properly

How to Identify Map Lichen

If you’re hiking in mountainous regions of North America, particularly in alpine or subalpine areas, keep an eye out for these telltale signs:

  • Crusty, flat growth that appears painted onto rock surfaces
  • Grayish to whitish color with distinct black boundary lines
  • Map-like patterns created by the black borders
  • Found exclusively on acidic rocks, never on soil or wood
  • Extremely slow growth—we’re talking millimeters per year

Is Map Lichen Beneficial to Have Around?

While you can’t invite map lichen into your garden, it’s incredibly beneficial to the ecosystems where it naturally occurs. These remarkable organisms:

  • Act as pioneer species, slowly breaking down rock surfaces and creating soil over geological time
  • Serve as indicators of air quality—their presence suggests clean, unpolluted air
  • Provide microhabitats for tiny invertebrates and other small creatures
  • Add natural beauty to rocky landscapes with their intricate patterns

Appreciating What You Can’t Control

Sometimes the best approach to native species appreciation is simply learning to recognize and value them in their natural habitats. Map lichen represents the patience of nature—growing so slowly that a patch the size of your palm might be older than your great-grandmother.

If you’re interested in supporting native ecosystems, focus on protecting the wild spaces where map lichen thrives rather than trying to bring it home. These lichens are sensitive to air pollution, so supporting clean air initiatives actually helps preserve these natural rock artists for future generations to discover and admire.

Next time you’re out hiking and spot those distinctive map-like patterns on a boulder, take a moment to appreciate that you’re looking at one of nature’s most patient and enduring partnerships—a living collaboration that’s been perfecting the art of slow living long before it became trendy.

Map Lichen

Classification

Group

Lichen

Kingdom

Fungi - Fungi

Subkingdom
Superdivision
Division

Ascomycota - Sac fungi

Subdivision
Class

Ascomycetes

Subclass
Order

Lecanorales

Family

Rhizocarpaceae M. Choisy ex Hafellner

Genus

Rhizocarpon Ramond ex DC. - map lichen

Species

Rhizocarpon intermediellum Rasanen - map lichen

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA