North America Native Plant

Map Lichen

Botanical name: Rhizocarpon anseris

USDA symbol: RHAN3

Habit: lichen

Native status: Native to North America  

Map Lichen: The Living Art on Your Garden Stones Have you ever noticed those crusty, grayish patches with black squiggly lines covering rocks in your garden? Meet the map lichen (Rhizocarpon anseris), a fascinating organism that’s painting natural masterpieces right under your nose! These aren’t plants in the traditional sense, ...

Map Lichen: The Living Art on Your Garden Stones

Have you ever noticed those crusty, grayish patches with black squiggly lines covering rocks in your garden? Meet the map lichen (Rhizocarpon anseris), a fascinating organism that’s painting natural masterpieces right under your nose! These aren’t plants in the traditional sense, but rather a remarkable partnership between fungi and algae that creates some of nature’s most enduring artwork.

What Exactly Is Map Lichen?

Map lichen gets its common name from its distinctive appearance – it literally looks like someone drew tiny geographical boundaries across rock surfaces with black ink. This native North American species belongs to a unique group of organisms called lichens, which are actually two life forms living together in perfect harmony: a fungus that provides structure and protection, and algae that produce food through photosynthesis.

Unlike the plants we typically think about for our gardens, lichens are incredibly slow-growing and can live for hundreds or even thousands of years. They’re essentially nature’s own form of living graffiti, but much more respectable!

Where You’ll Find Map Lichen

This hardy little organism is found throughout North America, particularly thriving in areas with clean air and suitable rock surfaces. Map lichen has a particular fondness for acidic rocks like granite, where it can spread its distinctive crusty patches across the surface.

How to Identify Map Lichen

Spotting map lichen is easier than you might think once you know what to look for:

  • Grayish to pale yellow crusty patches on rock surfaces
  • Distinctive black lines that create a map-like pattern
  • Rough, somewhat powdery texture
  • Typically found on granite and other acidic rock types
  • Forms circular or irregular patches that can slowly expand over time

Is Map Lichen Beneficial for Your Garden?

While you can’t exactly plant map lichen in your flower beds, its presence in your garden is actually a wonderful sign! Here’s why you should celebrate finding this crusty character:

  • Air quality indicator: Map lichen is sensitive to air pollution, so its presence indicates clean, healthy air in your garden
  • Ecosystem health: It’s part of a balanced, natural ecosystem
  • Rock protection: Believe it or not, lichens can help protect rock surfaces from erosion
  • Natural beauty: Adds unique texture and visual interest to stone features

Can You Grow Map Lichen?

Here’s where map lichen differs dramatically from your typical garden plants – you simply cannot cultivate it. This ancient organism appears when conditions are just right, and it does so entirely on its own timeline. Attempting to transplant or encourage lichen growth is generally unsuccessful and can damage these slow-growing organisms.

Instead of trying to grow map lichen, the best approach is to:

  • Appreciate it when it appears naturally
  • Avoid disturbing rocks where it’s growing
  • Keep your garden environment clean and pollution-free
  • Be patient – lichens grow incredibly slowly

Living with Map Lichen in Your Garden

If you discover map lichen on rocks, stone walls, or other surfaces in your garden, consider yourself lucky! This means your outdoor space has good air quality and provides suitable habitat for these remarkable organisms. Rather than trying to remove it, embrace map lichen as a natural decoration that adds character and indicates a healthy environment.

Remember, map lichen is a sign that your garden is part of a larger, thriving ecosystem. These patient little organisms remind us that not everything in nature operates on our timeline – sometimes the most beautiful and meaningful things take centuries to develop.

Map Lichen

Classification

Group

Lichen

Kingdom

Fungi - Fungi

Subkingdom
Superdivision
Division

Ascomycota - Sac fungi

Subdivision
Class

Ascomycetes

Subclass
Order

Lecanorales

Family

Rhizocarpaceae M. Choisy ex Hafellner

Genus

Rhizocarpon Ramond ex DC. - map lichen

Species

Rhizocarpon anseris Lynge - map lichen

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA