North America Native Plant

Manila Grass

Botanical name: Zoysia matrella var. pacifica

USDA symbol: ZOMAP

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: grass

Native status: Non-native, reproduces and persists in the wild in Hawaii âš˜ Native to Pacific Basin excluding Hawaii  

Synonyms: Zoysia pacifica (Goudsw.) M. Hotta & S. Kuroki (ZOPA2)   

Manila Grass: A Tropical Turf Option for Pacific Gardens Looking for a tough, warm-season grass that can handle tropical conditions? Manila grass might just be the green carpet your landscape has been waiting for. This sturdy perennial grass has made quite a name for itself across the Pacific, though like ...

Manila Grass: A Tropical Turf Option for Pacific Gardens

Looking for a tough, warm-season grass that can handle tropical conditions? Manila grass might just be the green carpet your landscape has been waiting for. This sturdy perennial grass has made quite a name for itself across the Pacific, though like any plant choice, it comes with both benefits and considerations worth exploring.

What Exactly Is Manila Grass?

Manila grass (Zoysia matrella var. pacifica) is a warm-season perennial grass that belongs to the larger zoysia family. You might also encounter it under its scientific synonym, Zoysia pacifica. This grass-like plant has established itself across several Pacific locations, creating dense, durable turf in the right conditions.

Where Does It Come From?

Here’s where things get interesting from a native gardening perspective. Manila grass is native to the Pacific Basin, but not to Hawaii specifically. In Hawaii, it’s considered a non-native species that has naturalized and reproduces on its own in the wild. You’ll find this grass growing in Hawaii, Guam, and Palau, where it has adapted well to local conditions.

The Garden Reality Check

Since Manila grass isn’t native to Hawaii, it’s worth considering whether it’s the best choice for your landscape. While it’s not classified as invasive or noxious, choosing native alternatives can better support local ecosystems and wildlife. That said, if you’re looking for a durable turf grass and native options don’t meet your needs, Manila grass can be a reasonable choice.

What to Expect from Manila Grass

Manila grass is all about durability and adaptation. As a perennial, it comes back year after year, forming dense mats that can handle foot traffic reasonably well. Its growth habit is typical of turf grasses – it spreads to create a uniform surface rather than growing in clumps.

Where Does It Thrive?

The wetland status of Manila grass tells us something important about its water preferences:

  • In most regions (Arid West, Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain): It’s classified as Obligate Upland, meaning it almost never occurs in wetlands and prefers drier conditions
  • In Hawaii: It has Facultative status, meaning it can tolerate both wet and dry conditions

This flexibility makes it adaptable to various landscape situations, from well-drained slopes to areas with occasional moisture.

Growing Manila Grass Successfully

While specific growing requirements for this variety aren’t well-documented, most zoysia grasses share similar needs. Here are some general guidelines for success:

  • Plant in areas with good drainage – it doesn’t like constantly wet feet
  • Provide full sun to partial sun for best growth
  • Be patient during establishment – zoysia grasses are notoriously slow to get going
  • Once established, it’s quite drought tolerant
  • Regular mowing will keep it looking its best

The Bottom Line

Manila grass can be a practical choice for those needing durable turf in Pacific climates, especially where native options might not provide the same level of durability. However, as responsible gardeners, it’s worth exploring native grass alternatives first. Native plants support local wildlife, require fewer resources once established, and help maintain the ecological balance that makes each region unique.

If you do choose Manila grass, plant it responsibly and be mindful of its spread beyond your intended area. And remember – the best lawn is often the one that works with your local environment rather than against it.

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Arid West

UPL

Obligate Upland - Plants with this status almost never occurs in wetlands

Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain

UPL

Obligate Upland - Plants with this status almost never occurs in wetlands

Hawaii

FAC

Facultative - Plants with this status can occur in wetlands and non-wetlands

Manila Grass

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Commelinidae

Order

Cyperales

Family

Poaceae Barnhart - Grass family

Genus

Zoysia Willd. - lawngrass

Species

Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr. - Manila grass

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA