North America Native Plant

Maiden Fern

Botanical name: Thelypteris ×incesta

USDA symbol: THIN14

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Hawaii  

Synonyms: Christella ×incesta (W.H. Wagner) Nakaike & Kawab. (CHIN5)  âš˜  Cyclosorus ×incestus (W.H. Wagner) W.H. Wagner (CYIN13)   

Maiden Fern: A Rare Hawaiian Native Hybrid Worth Knowing Meet the maiden fern (Thelypteris ×incesta), a fascinating native Hawaiian hybrid that’s as mysterious as it is beautiful. This perennial fern represents something special in the plant world – a natural cross between two parent species that has found its home ...

Maiden Fern: A Rare Hawaiian Native Hybrid Worth Knowing

Meet the maiden fern (Thelypteris ×incesta), a fascinating native Hawaiian hybrid that’s as mysterious as it is beautiful. This perennial fern represents something special in the plant world – a natural cross between two parent species that has found its home in the Hawaiian islands.

What Makes This Fern Special

The maiden fern isn’t your typical garden center find, and there’s a good reason for that. The × in its scientific name tells us this is a hybrid – nature’s own botanical experiment that occurred naturally in Hawaii’s unique ecosystem. As a member of the fern family, it doesn’t produce the showy flowers we often seek in our gardens, but it offers something different: the timeless elegance and texture that only ferns can provide.

Where You’ll Find It Growing Wild

This native beauty calls Hawaii home and is found nowhere else in the world naturally. It’s what botanists call an endemic species, making it a true treasure of the Hawaiian islands.

Understanding Its Growth Habits

Like other members of its family, the maiden fern is a forb – essentially a non-woody perennial plant. Think of it as nature’s way of creating living sculpture without the need for thick, woody stems. It maintains its presence year after year through underground root systems and growing points that stay close to or below the ground surface.

Garden Potential and Growing Conditions

Here’s where things get interesting for gardeners. The maiden fern has what’s called a Facultative Upland wetland status, which is a fancy way of saying it’s quite adaptable. While it typically prefers drier, upland conditions, it can also tolerate some moisture – making it potentially versatile for different garden situations.

However, we need to be honest about the challenges. Because this is a rare hybrid native to Hawaii, finding cultivation information and obtaining plants can be difficult. Most of what we know about growing conditions comes from observing where it thrives in the wild rather than from garden trials.

Should You Try Growing Maiden Fern?

If you’re gardening in Hawaii and come across responsibly sourced maiden fern, it could be a wonderful addition to a native plant garden. Its perennial nature means it’s a long-term investment, and as a native species, it’s perfectly adapted to local conditions.

For gardeners outside Hawaii, this fern presents several challenges:

  • Extremely limited availability
  • Unknown hardiness in non-Hawaiian climates
  • Lack of established cultivation practices
  • Uncertainty about growing requirements

Alternative Native Ferns to Consider

If you’re drawn to the idea of native ferns but can’t source maiden fern, consider researching other native fern species in your region. Every area has its own native ferns that offer similar benefits: natural beauty, low maintenance once established, and support for local ecosystems.

The Bottom Line

The maiden fern represents something special – a unique piece of Hawaiian natural heritage. While it may not be the easiest plant to find or grow, its story reminds us of the incredible diversity that exists in our native plant communities. Sometimes the most valuable plants aren’t the ones that are easiest to grow, but the ones that connect us to the unique natural history of a place.

For most gardeners, appreciating the maiden fern might mean learning about it and supporting Hawaiian native plant conservation efforts rather than trying to grow it in our own gardens. And that’s perfectly okay – sometimes the best way to love a plant is to let it thrive where it belongs.

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Hawaii

FACU

Facultative Upland - Plants with this status usually occurs in non-wetlands but may occur in wetlands

Maiden Fern

Classification

Group

Fern

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Pteridophyta - Ferns

Subdivision
Class

Filicopsida

Subclass
Order

Polypodiales

Family

Thelypteridaceae Ching ex Pic. Serm. - Marsh Fern family

Genus

Thelypteris Schmidel - maiden fern

Species

Thelypteris ×incesta W.H. Wagner [dentata × parasitica] - maiden fern

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA