North America Native Plant

Longspur Balm

Botanical name: Dicerandra cornutissima

USDA symbol: DICO5

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Longspur Balm: Florida’s Critically Endangered Native Gem If you’re passionate about native Florida plants and conservation gardening, you may have heard whispers about longspur balm (Dicerandra cornutissima) – one of the Sunshine State’s rarest botanical treasures. This tiny but mighty perennial herb holds the distinction of being both critically endangered ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: United States

Status: S1: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘ Endangered: In danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range. ⚘

Region: United States

Longspur Balm: Florida’s Critically Endangered Native Gem

If you’re passionate about native Florida plants and conservation gardening, you may have heard whispers about longspur balm (Dicerandra cornutissima) – one of the Sunshine State’s rarest botanical treasures. This tiny but mighty perennial herb holds the distinction of being both critically endangered and absolutely fascinating, making it a plant that deserves our attention and protection.

What Makes Longspur Balm Special?

Longspur balm is a perennial forb, which simply means it’s an herbaceous plant that comes back year after year without developing woody stems like shrubs or trees. As a member of the mint family, it shares that characteristic aromatic quality that makes these plants so appealing to both gardeners and pollinators alike.

What sets this little plant apart from its relatives is its unique flower structure – those distinctive long spurs that give it its common name. These specialized flowers have evolved to attract specific pollinators, making longspur balm an important piece of Florida’s ecological puzzle.

Where Does It Call Home?

Longspur balm is what botanists call an endemic species – it’s found naturally only in Florida and nowhere else on Earth. Even within Florida, its range is incredibly limited, occurring primarily in the scrub habitats of central Florida. This restricted distribution is part of what makes it so vulnerable to extinction.

The Conservation Reality Check

Here’s where we need to have a serious conversation. Longspur balm carries a Global Conservation Status of S1, meaning it’s critically imperiled. In plain English? There are typically five or fewer known populations, with fewer than 1,000 individual plants remaining in the wild. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has listed it as federally endangered, which means it’s protected by law.

So why am I telling you about a plant you probably shouldn’t grow? Because understanding and appreciating rare plants like longspur balm helps us become better stewards of our native ecosystems. And if you’re truly committed to conservation gardening, there might be a responsible way to include this species in your landscape.

If You’re Considering Growing Longspur Balm

First and foremost: only obtain longspur balm from reputable, licensed native plant nurseries that can verify their plants are legally and ethically sourced. Never collect seeds or plants from wild populations – doing so is illegal and could push this species closer to extinction.

Growing Conditions and Care

If you do acquire legally sourced longspur balm, here’s what this Florida native needs to thrive:

  • Soil: Well-draining sandy soil is essential – this plant absolutely cannot tolerate wet feet
  • Light: Full sun to partial shade
  • Water: Drought-tolerant once established; avoid overwatering at all costs
  • Climate: USDA hardiness zones 9-11 (naturally adapted to Florida’s climate)
  • Maintenance: Low maintenance once established in appropriate conditions

Garden Role and Design Ideas

In the right setting, longspur balm can play several important roles:

  • Star specimen in a conservation or educational garden
  • Component of a native Florida scrub habitat restoration
  • Addition to a specialized native pollinator garden
  • Living example in botanical or university collections

Pollinator and Wildlife Benefits

Despite its small stature, longspur balm punches above its weight when it comes to supporting native wildlife. Its specialized flowers attract native bees and other small pollinators that have co-evolved with Florida’s scrub ecosystem. By supporting these pollinators, the plant indirectly supports the entire web of life in its native habitat.

The Bigger Picture

Growing longspur balm isn’t just about adding another plant to your garden – it’s about participating in conservation efforts. Every responsibly grown plant represents genetic material preserved outside of increasingly threatened wild populations. Think of it as a living seed bank in your backyard.

However, the most important thing you can do for longspur balm and species like it is to support habitat conservation efforts. Consider donating to organizations working to protect Florida’s remaining scrub habitats, or volunteer with local native plant societies that work on habitat restoration projects.

Should You Grow It?

Longspur balm isn’t for every gardener. If you’re looking for easy-care, widely available native plants, there are plenty of other Florida natives that might be better choices. But if you’re deeply committed to conservation, have experience growing challenging native plants, and can source materials ethically, longspur balm could be a meaningful addition to your garden.

Remember: with great rarity comes great responsibility. This little plant is counting on dedicated gardeners and conservationists to help ensure it doesn’t disappear forever. Whether you choose to grow it or simply spread awareness about it, you’re helping write the next chapter in longspur balm’s survival story.

Longspur Balm

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Lamiales

Family

Lamiaceae Martinov - Mint family

Genus

Dicerandra Benth. - balm

Species

Dicerandra cornutissima R.B. Huck - longspur balm

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA