North America Native Plant

Longleaf Indian Paintbrush

Botanical name: Castilleja subinclusa subinclusa

USDA symbol: CASUS7

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Castilleja jepsonii Bacig. & Heckard (CAJE2)   

Longleaf Indian Paintbrush: A California Native Gem for Your Garden If you’re looking to add a splash of vibrant color to your California native garden, the longleaf Indian paintbrush (Castilleja subinclusa subinclusa) might just be the showstopper you’ve been searching for. This perennial wildflower brings those iconic red-orange blooms that ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S3S4T3T4: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘ Subspecies or variety is vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. ⚘ Apparently Secure: Uncommon but not rare, and usually widespread. Possibly cause for longterm concern. Typically more than 100 occurrences in the state or more than 10,000 individuals ⚘ Subspecies or varieties is apparently secure: Uncommon but not rare, and usually widespread. Possibly cause for longterm concern. Typically more than 100 occurrences in the region or more than 10,000 individuals ⚘

Longleaf Indian Paintbrush: A California Native Gem for Your Garden

If you’re looking to add a splash of vibrant color to your California native garden, the longleaf Indian paintbrush (Castilleja subinclusa subinclusa) might just be the showstopper you’ve been searching for. This perennial wildflower brings those iconic red-orange blooms that make hiking through California’s hills such a visual treat – right to your backyard!

What Makes This Plant Special?

The longleaf Indian paintbrush is a true California native, found exclusively in the Golden State. As a member of the paintbrush family, it’s what botanists call a forb – basically a non-woody flowering plant that comes back year after year. You might also see it listed under its synonym, Castilleja jepsonii, in older gardening references.

This plant calls California home, thriving in the state’s coastal ranges and foothills. Its geographic distribution is limited to California, making it a special addition for gardeners wanting to support truly local flora.

Why Garden With Longleaf Indian Paintbrush?

There are several compelling reasons to consider this native beauty for your landscape:

  • Stunning visual impact: Those bright red-orange tubular flowers create an eye-catching display from spring through early summer
  • Pollinator magnet: Hummingbirds absolutely love the nectar-rich blooms, and you’ll also attract butterflies and native bees
  • Water-wise choice: Once established, it’s quite drought-tolerant – perfect for California’s water-conscious gardening
  • Authentic native landscaping: Support local ecosystems while creating beautiful, regionally appropriate gardens

A Word About Conservation

Before you rush out to plant, there’s something important to know: longleaf Indian paintbrush has a conservation status that suggests it’s somewhat uncommon in the wild. If you decide to grow this beauty, please make sure you’re getting your plants or seeds from reputable, responsible sources that don’t harvest from wild populations. Many native plant sales and specialized nurseries offer ethically propagated stock.

Where Does It Fit in Your Garden?

This perennial forb is perfect for:

  • Native California plant gardens
  • Wildflower meadows and naturalistic landscapes
  • Drought-tolerant garden designs
  • Pollinator gardens, especially those designed for hummingbirds

Growing Longleaf Indian Paintbrush Successfully

While we don’t have complete growing information for this specific subspecies, Indian paintbrushes generally thrive in USDA hardiness zones 8-10, which aligns perfectly with much of California’s climate. Here’s what typically works best:

  • Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade
  • Soil: Well-draining soils are essential – they don’t like wet feet
  • Water: Drought-tolerant once established, but may need occasional water during the first growing season
  • Planting time: Fall planting often works best for California natives

A Quirky Growing Tip

Here’s something fascinating about Indian paintbrushes: many species in this genus are what scientists call hemiparasites. Don’t worry – they’re not going to harm your garden! They just like to tap into the roots of nearby plants for some extra nutrients. This means they often grow better when planted near grasses or other compatible native plants rather than in isolation.

The Bottom Line

Longleaf Indian paintbrush offers California gardeners a chance to grow something truly special – a plant that’s both beautiful and authentically local. While it requires a bit more consideration due to its conservation status, responsible cultivation can help ensure this gorgeous native continues to thrive both in gardens and in the wild.

Just remember to source your plants responsibly, provide well-draining soil, and be patient as it establishes. The reward will be seasons of brilliant blooms that bring the magic of California’s wild landscapes right to your doorstep – along with the hummingbirds that can’t resist those tubular flowers!

Longleaf Indian Paintbrush

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Scrophulariales

Family

Scrophulariaceae Juss. - Figwort family

Genus

Castilleja Mutis ex L. f. - Indian paintbrush

Species

Castilleja subinclusa Greene - longleaf Indian paintbrush

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA