North America Native Plant

Linguam

Botanical name: Capparis indica

USDA symbol: CAIN5

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: shrub

Native status: Native to Puerto Rico âš˜ Native to the U.S. Virgin Islands  

Linguam (Capparis indica): A Caribbean Native Worth Discovering If you’re gardening in the Caribbean or looking to add some tropical flair to your warm-climate landscape, let me introduce you to a delightful native shrub that deserves more attention: linguam, scientifically known as Capparis indica. This perennial woody plant brings year-round ...

Linguam (Capparis indica): A Caribbean Native Worth Discovering

If you’re gardening in the Caribbean or looking to add some tropical flair to your warm-climate landscape, let me introduce you to a delightful native shrub that deserves more attention: linguam, scientifically known as Capparis indica. This perennial woody plant brings year-round beauty and fits perfectly into sustainable, native gardening practices.

Where Linguam Calls Home

Linguam is a true Caribbean native, naturally occurring in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. This shrub has adapted perfectly to island life, making it an excellent choice for gardeners in these regions who want to support local ecosystems and grow plants that truly belong in their landscape.

What Makes Linguam Special

This charming shrub typically grows to about 10 feet tall, though it can reach up to 20 feet under ideal conditions. What really sets linguam apart is its reliable beauty throughout the year:

  • Conspicuous white flowers that bloom in spring
  • Attractive yellow-green foliage with a medium texture
  • Brown fruits that add visual interest year-round
  • Dense foliage that provides good coverage
  • Naturally rounded growth form

The dense, evergreen foliage and rounded shape make linguam perfect as a specimen plant, part of a mixed native shrub border, or even as a natural privacy screen.

Perfect Growing Conditions

Linguam is surprisingly adaptable, but it does have some specific preferences that reflect its Caribbean origins:

  • Climate: Needs warm temperatures year-round (minimum 40°F) and 365 frost-free days – perfect for USDA zones 10-11
  • Soil: Thrives in coarse to medium-textured, well-draining soils
  • Water: Moderate drought tolerance once established
  • Light: Handles partial shade to full sun conditions
  • Fertility: Medium fertility requirements – not too demanding

Growing Your Own Linguam

Ready to add this native beauty to your landscape? Here’s what you need to know:

Starting from seed: Linguam is typically propagated from seed, which is actually quite exciting since you’ll get to watch the entire growth process unfold. The plant produces seeds year-round, so you’ll have plenty of opportunities to collect fresh seed.

Spacing: Plan for 320 to 1,280 plants per acre if you’re doing large-scale planting, but for home gardens, give each plant about 8-10 feet of space to accommodate its mature size.

Care tips: Once established, linguam is relatively low-maintenance. It doesn’t require special pruning techniques and has good resistance to various environmental stresses. The roots can extend at least 24 inches deep, so make sure you’re not planting over utilities or in areas with hardpan.

Why Choose Native?

Growing linguam isn’t just about adding another pretty shrub to your landscape – you’re making an investment in your local ecosystem. Native plants like linguam have co-evolved with local wildlife, weather patterns, and soil conditions. This means they typically require less water, fewer fertilizers, and minimal pest control once established.

Plus, there’s something deeply satisfying about growing a plant that has called your region home for thousands of years. You’re not just gardening; you’re participating in the continuation of your area’s natural heritage.

Is Linguam Right for Your Garden?

Linguam is an excellent choice if you:

  • Garden in Puerto Rico or the U.S. Virgin Islands
  • Want a low-maintenance, drought-tolerant shrub
  • Appreciate year-round foliage and seasonal flowers
  • Are creating a native plant garden
  • Need a medium to large shrub for screening or specimen use

However, linguam might not be the best fit if you live outside its native range or need a plant that tolerates heavy frost. Its requirement for 365 frost-free days makes it unsuitable for most of the continental United States.

For Caribbean gardeners looking to embrace their region’s natural beauty while creating a sustainable, low-maintenance landscape, linguam offers the perfect combination of ornamental appeal and ecological responsibility. Give this native gem a try – your local wildlife (and your water bill) will thank you!

How

Linguam

Grows

Growing season

Year Round

Lifespan
Growth form & shape

Single Stem and Rounded

Growth rate
Height at 20 years

20

Maximum height

10.0

Foliage color

Yellow-Green

Summer foliage density

Dense

Winter foliage density

Dense

Foliage retention

Yes

Flowering

Yes

Flower color

White

Fruit/seeds

Yes

Fruit/seed color

Brown

Allelopath

No

Nitrogen fixing

None

Toxic
C:N Ratio

High

Fire Resistant

No

Foliage Texture

Medium

Low-growing Grass

No

Resproutability

No

Coppice Ability

No

Bloat

None

Linguam

Growing Conditions

Adapted to Coarse Soil

Yes

Adapted to Medium Soil

Yes

Adapted to Fine Soil

No

Anaerobic tolerance
CaCO₃ tolerance

Medium

Cold Stratification

No

Drought tolerance

Medium

Nutrient requirement

Medium

Fire tolerance

Medium

Frost-free days minimum

365

Hedge tolerance

Low

Moisture requirement
pH range
Plants per acre

320 to 1280

Precipitation range (in)
Min root depth (in)

24

Salt tolerance
Shade tolerance

Intermediate

Min temperature (F)

40

Cultivating

Linguam

Flowering season

Spring

Commercial availability
Fruit/seed abundance
Fruit/seed season

Year Round to Year Round

Fruit/seed persistence

Yes

Propagated by bare root

No

Propagated by bulb

No

Propagated by container

No

Propagated by corm

No

Propagated by cuttings

No

Propagated by seed

Yes

Propagated by sod

Yes

Propagated by sprigs

No

Propagated by tubers

No

Seed per pound
Seed spread rate
Seedling vigor
Small grain

No

Vegetative spread rate

Linguam

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Dilleniidae

Order

Capparales

Family

Capparaceae Juss. - Caper family

Genus

Capparis L. - caper

Species

Capparis indica (L.) Druce - linguam

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA