North America Native Plant

Limnophila

Botanical name: Limnophila aromatica

USDA symbol: LIAR11

Life cycle: annual

Habit: forb

Native status: Non-native, reproduces and persists in the wild in the lower 48 states âš˜ Native to Pacific Basin excluding Hawaii  

Synonyms: Limnophila chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. (LICH7)  âš˜  Limnophila chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. ssp. aromatica (Lam.) T. Yamaz. (LICHA)   

Limnophila: A Fragrant Water Garden Addition If you’re looking to add some aromatic charm to your water garden or bog area, you might want to consider limnophila (Limnophila aromatica). This delicate aquatic plant brings a unique fragrance and gentle beauty to wet spaces, though it comes with some important considerations ...

Limnophila: A Fragrant Water Garden Addition

If you’re looking to add some aromatic charm to your water garden or bog area, you might want to consider limnophila (Limnophila aromatica). This delicate aquatic plant brings a unique fragrance and gentle beauty to wet spaces, though it comes with some important considerations for the eco-conscious gardener.

What Exactly is Limnophila?

Limnophila is a tender aquatic forb that’s as interesting as its name suggests. When you brush against its foliage, you’ll notice a pleasant, herb-like aroma that gives this plant its aromatica designation. It’s a non-woody plant that can behave as either an annual or perennial, depending on your climate and growing conditions.

This species is also known by the scientific synonyms Limnophila chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. and Limnophila chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. ssp. aromatica (Lam.) T. Yamaz., which you might encounter in older gardening references.

Where Does Limnophila Come From?

Originally native to Southeast Asia, particularly Vietnam and Thailand, limnophila has made its way to various parts of the world. In the United States, you’ll find established populations in Florida, and it’s also present in U.S. territories like Guam and Palau. As a non-native species that reproduces spontaneously in the wild, it’s worth noting that this plant has naturalized beyond its original home range.

The Appeal of Limnophila

What draws gardeners to this aquatic beauty? Several characteristics make it appealing:

  • Delicate, small white to pale purple flowers that add subtle color
  • Aromatic foliage that releases fragrance when touched
  • Adaptable growth habit that works both submerged and emergent
  • Fine-textured appearance that contrasts nicely with broader-leafed water plants

Growing Limnophila Successfully

If you decide to grow limnophila, understanding its needs is crucial for success. This plant is classified as an obligate wetland species, meaning it almost always occurs in wetlands and requires consistently wet conditions.

Ideal Growing Conditions

  • Water requirements: Constantly wet to saturated soil, or can be grown submerged
  • Light: Full sun to partial shade
  • Temperature: Hardy in USDA zones 9-11, treating as an annual in cooler climates
  • Soil: Any soil type as long as it remains consistently moist to wet

Planting and Care Tips

  • Plant in containers if you want to control spread
  • Ensure soil never dries out – this plant cannot tolerate drought
  • Regular pruning helps maintain shape and prevent excessive spreading
  • In colder zones, bring containers indoors or treat as an annual
  • Can be grown both as an emergent plant or partially submerged

Garden Design Considerations

Limnophila works best in specific garden settings:

  • Water gardens: Excellent for pond edges or shallow water areas
  • Bog gardens: Perfect for consistently wet, marshy areas
  • Rain gardens: Can handle periodic flooding in low-lying areas
  • Container water features: Easy to control when grown in pots

A Word About Responsibility

Since limnophila is non-native and has established itself in wild areas, it’s important to garden responsibly. While there’s no current classification of this plant as invasive or noxious, being mindful of its potential impact is wise. Consider these approaches:

  • Grow it in containers to prevent spread
  • Remove flowers before they set seed if growing in open water
  • Never dispose of plant material in natural waterways
  • Consider native alternatives for your region

Native Alternatives to Consider

If you’re interested in supporting native ecosystems, consider these native wetland alternatives:

  • For the Southeast: Bacopa caroliniana (lemon bacopa) or Ludwigia repens (creeping primrose-willow)
  • For fragrant options: Native mints like Monarda fistulosa (wild bergamot) in wet areas
  • For aquatic gardens: Sagittaria species (arrowheads) or Pontederia cordata (pickerelweed)

The Bottom Line

Limnophila can be a lovely addition to water gardens and bog areas, especially if you appreciate aromatic plants and delicate textures. Its easy care requirements and adaptable nature make it relatively simple to grow in the right conditions. However, responsible gardening means being aware of its non-native status and taking steps to prevent unintended spread.

Whether you choose limnophila or opt for native alternatives, the key is creating beautiful, sustainable water gardens that can thrive in your local climate while supporting the broader ecosystem. Your local extension office or native plant society can provide more specific recommendations for your area.

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain

OBL

Obligate Wetland - Plants with this status almost always occurs in wetlands

Limnophila

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Scrophulariales

Family

Scrophulariaceae Juss. - Figwort family

Genus

Limnophila R. Br. - marshweed

Species

Limnophila aromatica (Lam.) Merr. - limnophila

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA