North America Native Plant

Limestone Spike-rush

Botanical name: Eleocharis occulta

USDA symbol: ELOC4

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: grass

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Eleocharis occulata S.G. Sm., database artifact (ELOC3)   

Limestone Spike-Rush: A Specialized Native Sedge for Wetland Gardens If you’re looking for a flashy showstopper for your flower beds, you might want to keep scrolling. But if you’re passionate about native wetland restoration or creating authentic natural landscapes, let me introduce you to Limestone Spike-Rush (Eleocharis occulta). This unassuming ...

Limestone Spike-Rush: A Specialized Native Sedge for Wetland Gardens

If you’re looking for a flashy showstopper for your flower beds, you might want to keep scrolling. But if you’re passionate about native wetland restoration or creating authentic natural landscapes, let me introduce you to Limestone Spike-Rush (Eleocharis occulta). This unassuming little sedge might not win any beauty contests, but it plays an important ecological role in its native habitat.

What Is Limestone Spike-Rush?

Limestone Spike-Rush is a perennial sedge that belongs to the graminoid family – think grass-like plants including sedges, rushes, and true grasses. Despite its humble appearance, this native plant has carved out a specific niche in the wetland ecosystems of the south-central United States.

You might occasionally see this plant listed under the synonym Eleocharis occulata, but Eleocharis occulta is the accepted botanical name. As far as we know, Limestone Spike-Rush doesn’t go by many other common names – sometimes the most specialized plants are the ones with the most straightforward identities!

Where Does It Grow Naturally?

This native sedge calls Texas and Oklahoma home, where it thrives in specific wetland conditions. Its distribution is quite limited compared to some of its more widespread cousins in the spike-rush family, making it a true regional specialist.

Should You Plant Limestone Spike-Rush?

Here’s where we need to have an honest conversation. Limestone Spike-Rush isn’t your typical garden plant, and that’s perfectly okay! This sedge has very specific requirements and appeals that make it suitable for particular situations:

The Pros:

  • Native to the south-central US, supporting local ecosystems
  • Excellent for wetland restoration projects
  • Helps prevent soil erosion in wet areas
  • Requires minimal maintenance once established
  • Authentic addition to naturalized landscapes

The Challenges:

  • Very specific growing requirements (wet, calcareous soils)
  • Limited ornamental appeal
  • Not suitable for typical residential gardens
  • Can be difficult to source commercially

Growing Conditions and Care

If you’re determined to grow Limestone Spike-Rush, you’ll need to recreate its preferred wetland conditions. This plant has a wetland status of Facultative Wetland across its range, meaning it usually occurs in wetlands but can occasionally tolerate non-wetland conditions.

Ideal Growing Conditions:

  • Soil: Consistently moist to wet, calcareous (limestone-rich) soils
  • Light: Full sun to partial shade
  • Water: Requires consistent moisture; thrives in shallow standing water
  • Hardiness: USDA zones 7-9 (approximate)

Landscape Role and Design Applications

Let’s be realistic about where this plant shines. Limestone Spike-Rush isn’t going to anchor your perennial border or create stunning focal points. Instead, think of it as a supporting player in specialized applications:

  • Wetland restoration and mitigation projects
  • Rain gardens and bioswales (in appropriate climates)
  • Natural pond edges and water features
  • Native plant preserves and educational gardens
  • Erosion control in wet, limestone-rich soils

Wildlife and Pollinator Benefits

While spike-rushes generally provide some wildlife value, specific information about Limestone Spike-Rush’s wildlife benefits is limited. Like other sedges, it likely provides some seed for birds and habitat for small wetland creatures, but it’s not a major pollinator plant since sedges are typically wind-pollinated rather than insect-pollinated.

The Bottom Line

Limestone Spike-Rush is definitely a niche market plant. If you’re working on wetland restoration in Texas or Oklahoma, managing a natural area with limestone-rich wet soils, or creating an authentic native wetland garden, this little sedge could be exactly what you need. For everyone else, there are probably more garden-friendly native alternatives that will give you better results with less fuss.

If you do decide to grow it, source your plants responsibly from native plant nurseries or seed suppliers who can verify the local genetic material. Remember, the best native plant gardens start with the right plant in the right place – and for Limestone Spike-Rush, that place is pretty specific!

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain

FACW

Facultative Wetland - Plants with this status usually occurs in wetlands but may occur in non-wetlands

Eastern Mountains and Piedmont

FACW

Facultative Wetland - Plants with this status usually occurs in wetlands but may occur in non-wetlands

Great Plains

FACW

Facultative Wetland - Plants with this status usually occurs in wetlands but may occur in non-wetlands

Limestone Spike-rush

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Commelinidae

Order

Cyperales

Family

Cyperaceae Juss. - Sedge family

Genus

Eleocharis R. Br. - spikerush

Species

Eleocharis occulta S.G. Sm. - Limestone Spike-Rush

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA